GRE Subject Test: Chemistry : Enantiomers

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GRE Subject Test: Chemistry

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Example Questions

Example Question #381 : Organic Chemistry

Penicillin

Shown above is the chemical structure for penicillin, a common prescription drug. How many chiral carbons does penicillin have?

Possible Answers:

Five

Two

Zero

One

Three

Correct answer:

Three

Explanation:

The correct answer is three. The key to finding chiral carbons is to look for carbons that are attached to four different substituents. We can immediately eliminate any carbons that are involved in double bonds, or that have two hydrogens attached. Given this, we find that there are three chiral carbons. Note that carbon chains of varying content will qualify as different substituents, allowing chiral carbons to bond to two other carbons.

Penicillin_chiral

 

Example Question #1 : Enantiomers

 Compounds that are mirror images of each other are called __________.

Possible Answers:

enantiomers

stereoisomers

conformers

diastereomers

Correct answer:

enantiomers

Explanation:

Stereoisomers are isomers that differ in the orientation of atoms in space, but have the same bonding patterns and structures. Enantiomers are a specific class of stereoisomers that differ in orientation around a chiral center to create mirror image molecules.

Diastereomers are a type of stereoisomer that are not related through a reflection operation, and may differ at more than one chiral center. Conformers have the same structural formula, but different shapes due to bond rotation.

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