GMAT Math : Problem-Solving Questions

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GMAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #11 : Other Quadrilaterals

Parallelogram2

Give the area of the above parallelogram if \(\displaystyle BC = 30\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 225\sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 75\sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 75\sqrt{3}\)

\(\displaystyle 225\)

\(\displaystyle 225\sqrt{3}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 225\sqrt{3}\)

Explanation:

Multiply height \(\displaystyle BD\) by base \(\displaystyle CD\) to get the area.

By the 30-60-90 Theorem:

\(\displaystyle BD= \frac{BC}{2} = \frac{30}{2}} = 15\)

\(\displaystyle CD =BD \sqrt{3} = 15\sqrt{3}\)

The area is therefore

\(\displaystyle BD \cdot CD =15 \cdot 15\sqrt{3} = 225\sqrt{3}\)

Example Question #11 : Calculating The Area Of A Quadrilateral

Triangle

Note: Figure NOT drawn to scale.

Refer to the above diagram. Give the area of Quadrilateral \(\displaystyle ABCD\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 154\)

The correct answer is not among the other choices.

\(\displaystyle 144\)

\(\displaystyle 160\)

\(\displaystyle 150\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 144\)

Explanation:

Apply the Pythagorean Theorem twice here.

\(\displaystyle BD = \sqrt{6^{2}+ 8^{2}} = \sqrt{36+64 } = \sqrt{100}= 10\)

\(\displaystyle BC = \sqrt{26^{2}-10^{2}} = \sqrt{676-100} = \sqrt{576} = 24\)

The quadrilateral is a composite of two right triangles, each of whose area is half the product of its legs:

Area of \(\displaystyle \Delta ABD\)\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \times 6 \times 8 = 24\)

Area of \(\displaystyle \Delta BCD\)\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \times 10 \times 24= 120\)

Add: 

\(\displaystyle A = 24 + 120 = 144\)

Example Question #11 : How To Find The Area Of A Rhombus

Rhombus_1

The above figure shows a rhombus \(\displaystyle RHOM\). Give its area.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 40\sqrt{61}\)

\(\displaystyle 40 \sqrt{11}\)

\(\displaystyle 120\)

\(\displaystyle 96\)

\(\displaystyle 72\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 40 \sqrt{11}\)

Explanation:

Construct the other diagonal of the rhombus, which, along with the first one, form a pair of mutual perpendicular bisectors.

Rhombus_1

By the Pythagorean Theorem, 

\(\displaystyle n = \sqrt{12^{2}- 10^{2}} =\sqrt{144- 100} = \sqrt{44}= \sqrt{4}\cdot \sqrt{11} = 2 \sqrt{11}\)

The rhombus can be seen as the composite of four congruent right triangles, each with legs 10 and \(\displaystyle 2 \sqrt{11}\), so the area of the rhombus is 

\(\displaystyle A = 4 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\cdot 10 \cdot 2\sqrt{11} =40 \sqrt{11}\).

Example Question #12 : How To Find The Area Of A Rhombus

Rhombus \(\displaystyle ABCD\) has perimeter 48; \(\displaystyle AC = 12\). What is the area of Rhombus \(\displaystyle ABCD\) ?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 144\)

\(\displaystyle 72\)

\(\displaystyle 144 \sqrt{3}\)

\(\displaystyle 72 \sqrt{3}\)

\(\displaystyle 72 \sqrt{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 72 \sqrt{3}\)

Explanation:

Each side of a rhombus is congruent, so if it has perimeter 48, it has sidelength 12. Also, the diagonals of a rhombus are each other's perpendicular bisectors, so if they are both constructed, and their point of intersection is called \(\displaystyle M\), then \(\displaystyle AM = 6\). The following figure is formed by the rhombus and its diagonals.

Untitled

\(\displaystyle \bigtriangleup AMB\) is a right triangle with its short leg half the length of its hypotenuse, so it is a 30-60-90 triangle, and its long leg measures \(\displaystyle 6\sqrt{3}\) by the 30-60-90 Theorem. Therefore, \(\displaystyle BD = 12\sqrt{3}\). The area of a rhombus is half the product of the lengths of its diagonals:

\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \times 12 \times 12 \sqrt{3} = 72 \sqrt{3}\)

 

Example Question #13 : Other Quadrilaterals

Trapezoid 2

Note: figure NOT drawn to scale.

Give the area of the above trapezoid.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 3 \cdot 2^{2x-1 }\)

\(\displaystyle 3 \cdot 2^{2x }\)

\(\displaystyle 2^{2x+1 }\)

\(\displaystyle 5 \cdot 2^{2x }\)

\(\displaystyle 5 \cdot 2^{2x-1 }\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 3 \cdot 2^{2x-1 }\)

Explanation:

The area of a trapezoid with height \(\displaystyle h\) and bases of length \(\displaystyle B\) and \(\displaystyle b\) is

\(\displaystyle A = \frac{1}{2} (B + b)h\).

Setting \(\displaystyle h= b = 2^{x}, B = 2^{x+1}\):

\(\displaystyle A = \frac{1}{2} ( 2^{x+1} + 2^{x}) \cdot 2^{x}\)

\(\displaystyle = \frac{1}{2} ( 2 \cdot 2^{x } + 2^{x}) \cdot 2^{x}\)

\(\displaystyle = 2^{-1}\cdot 2^{x} \cdot ( 2 \cdot 2^{x } + 2^{x})\)

\(\displaystyle = 2^{x-1} \cdot ( 2 \cdot 2^{x } + 2^{x})\)

\(\displaystyle = 2^{x-1} \cdot 3 \cdot 2^{x }\)

\(\displaystyle = 3 \cdot 2^{x+x-1 }\)

\(\displaystyle = 3 \cdot 2^{2x-1 }\)

Example Question #14 : Other Quadrilaterals

Trapezoid 1

Note: figure NOT drawn to scale.

Give the area of the above trapezoid.

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 2^{2x+2}\)

\(\displaystyle 2^{x^{2}+x}\)

\(\displaystyle 2^{x^{2}+1}\)

\(\displaystyle 2^{2x+1}\)

\(\displaystyle 2^{2x }\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 2^{2x+1}\)

Explanation:

The area of a trapezoid with height \(\displaystyle h\) and bases of length \(\displaystyle B\) and \(\displaystyle b\) is

\(\displaystyle A = \frac{1}{2} (B + b)h\).

Setting \(\displaystyle h= b = 2^{x}, B = 3 \cdot 2^{x}\):

\(\displaystyle A = \frac{1}{2} (3 \cdot 2^{x} + 2^{x}) \cdot 2^{x}\)

\(\displaystyle = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 4 \cdot 2^{x} \cdot 2^{x}\)

\(\displaystyle = 2 \cdot 2^{x} \cdot 2^{x}\)

\(\displaystyle = 2^{1} \cdot 2^{x} \cdot 2^{x}\)

\(\displaystyle = 2^{1+x+x}\)

\(\displaystyle = 2^{2x+1}\)

Example Question #11 : Calculating The Area Of A Quadrilateral

Rhombus

Note: figure NOT drawn to scale.

The above figure depicts a rhombus, \(\displaystyle RHOM\).

\(\displaystyle HM = 2^{X}\)

\(\displaystyle RO = 2 (HM)\)

Give the area of Rhombus \(\displaystyle RHOM\).

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 2^{2x+1}\)

\(\displaystyle 2^{2x}\)

\(\displaystyle 2^{2x-1}\)

\(\displaystyle 2^{x}\)

\(\displaystyle 2^{3x}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 2^{2x}\)

Explanation:

The area of a rhombus is half the product of the lengths of its diagonals, so

\(\displaystyle A = \frac{1}{2} \cdot RO \cdot HM\)

\(\displaystyle = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 (HM)\cdot HM\)

\(\displaystyle = HM \cdot HM\)

\(\displaystyle = 2 ^{x} \cdot 2 ^{x}\)

\(\displaystyle = 2^{x+x}\)

\(\displaystyle = 2^{2x}\)

Example Question #18 : Other Quadrilaterals

While walking with some friends on campus, you come across an open grassy rectangular area. You shout "Pythagoras!" and run across the rectangular area from one corner to another. If the rectangle measures \(\displaystyle 25\) meters by \(\displaystyle 60\) meters, what distance did you cover?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 45 m\)

\(\displaystyle 65 m\)

\(\displaystyle 70 m\)

\(\displaystyle 50 m\)

\(\displaystyle 85 m\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 65 m\)

Explanation:

This problem can be solved in a variety of ways, however you do it, it may be worth eliminating any options shorter than either side of the quad. The diagonal distance is the hypotenuse of a triangle, so it must be longer than 25 or 60 meters. 

Then, we can either find our hypotenuse via Pythagorean Theorem, or our knowledge of Pythagorean Triples. 

Using Pythagorean Theorem:

\(\displaystyle c^2=a^2+b^2\)

\(\displaystyle c=\sqrt{25^2+60^2}=\sqrt{4225}=65\)

So 65 meters.

Alternatively, recognize the triangle as a 5x/12x/13x triangle

\(\displaystyle 5x=25\)

\(\displaystyle 12x=60\)

\(\displaystyle 13x=?\)

\(\displaystyle x=5\) so \(\displaystyle 13x=65\)

Example Question #19 : Other Quadrilaterals

Given the area of a square is \(\displaystyle 9x^2\), what is the diagonal?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle \frac{9x\sqrt2}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 6x\sqrt2\)

\(\displaystyle 3x^2\sqrt2\)

\(\displaystyle \frac{3x\sqrt2}{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 3x\sqrt2\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 3x\sqrt2\)

Explanation:

Write the formula for finding the area of a square given the diagonal.

\(\displaystyle A=\frac{d^2}{2}\)

Rearrange the equation so that the diagonal term is isolated.

\(\displaystyle d=\sqrt{2A}\)

Substitute the known area and simplify.

\(\displaystyle d=\sqrt{2(9x^2)} = \sqrt{18x^2} = 3x\sqrt2\)

Example Question #20 : Other Quadrilaterals

What is the length of the diagonal for a square with a side length of  \(\displaystyle 4\)?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 4\sqrt{3}\)

\(\displaystyle 4\sqrt{2}\)

\(\displaystyle 8\)

\(\displaystyle 8\sqrt{2}\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 4\sqrt{2}\)

Explanation:

The diagonal of a square is simply the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose other two sides are the length and width of the square. Because all sides of a square are equal in length, this means the length and width are both  \(\displaystyle 4\),  which gives us a right triangle with a base of  \(\displaystyle 4\)  and a height of  \(\displaystyle 4\),  for which the hypotenuse is the diagonal of the square. Applying the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of the diagonal, we have:

\(\displaystyle a^2+b^2=c^2\)

\(\displaystyle 4^2+4^2=c^2\)

\(\displaystyle c^2=32\rightarrow c=\sqrt{32}=\sqrt{2*16}=4\sqrt{2}\)

So the length of the diagonal for a square with a side length of  \(\displaystyle 4\)  is  \(\displaystyle 4\sqrt{2}\).  In general, we could check the length of the diagonal for any square with side length  \(\displaystyle a\),  and we would see that the diagonal length is always  \(\displaystyle a\sqrt{2}\).

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