GMAT Math : Geometry

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GMAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #8 : Dsq: Graphing A Quadratic Function

How many -intercepts does a vertical parabola on the coordinate plane have - zero, one, or two?

Statement 1: The vertex of the parabola is .

Statement 2: The -intercept of the parabola is .

Possible Answers:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

From Statement 1, since the vertex is not on the -axis - its -coordinate is nonzero - the parabola has either zero or two -intercepts. However, with no further information, it is not possible to choose. Statement 2 alone is not helpful since it only gives one point, and no further information about it.

Assume both statements to be true. We can find the equation of the parabola as follows:

A parabola with vertex  has equation 

 

for some nonzero .

From Statement 1, , so the equation becomes

Since the parabola passes through  To find , we substitute 0 for  and 21 for :

The equation of the parabola is .

Now that the equation is known, the -intercept(s) themselves, if any, can be found by substituting 0 for .

Example Question #9 : Dsq: Graphing A Quadratic Function

The equation of a vertical parabola on the coordinate plane can be written in the form 

 real,  nonzero.

Is this parabola concave upward or concave downward?

Statement 1: 

Statement 2: 

Possible Answers:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

The parabola is concave upward if and only if , and concave downward if and only if . Therefore, we need to know the sign of  to answer the question. Statement 2, but not Statement 1, gives us the value of , the sign of which is positive, so Statement 2 alone, but not Statement 1 alone, tells us the parabola is concave upward.

Example Question #1 : Dsq: Graphing A Quadratic Function

What is the equation of the line of symmetry of a vertical parabola on the coordinate plane?

Statement 1: The vertex of the parabola has -coordinate 7.

Statement 2: The vertex of the parabola has -coordinate 8.

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Correct answer:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

The line of symmetry of a vertical parabola with vertex at  has as its equation . In other words, the -coordinate, which is given in Statement 1 but not Statement 2, is the one and only thing needed.

Example Question #42 : Graphing

How many -intercepts does a vertical parabola on the coordinate plane have—zero, one, or two?

Statement 1: The parabola intersects the graph of the equation  twice.

Statement 2: The parabola has -intercept .

Possible Answers:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Explanation:

Assume both statements are true, and consider these two equations:

Case 1: 

The -intercept can be proven to be  by substituting 0 for :

We show that the graph intersects the line of equation  twice by substituting 3 for :

The points of intersection are .

 

To find the -intercept(s), if any exist, substitute 0 for :

This has no real solutions, so the parabola has no -intercepts.

 

Case 2: 

The -intercept be proved to be  by substituting 0 for :

 

We show that the graph intersects the line of equation  twice by substituting 3 for :

We examine the discriminant:

The discriminant is positive, so there are two real solutions, meaning that there are two points of intersection. 

 

To find the -intercept(s), if any exist, substitute 0 for :

We examine this discriminant:

The discriminant is positive, so there are two real solutions, meaning that there are two -intercepts.

 

Two parabolas have been identified fitting the main condition and those of both statements, but one has no -intercept and one has two. The two statements together provide insufficient information.

Example Question #11 : Dsq: Graphing A Quadratic Function

What is the equation of the line of symmetry of a vertical parabola on the coordinate plane?

Statement 1: The parabola has one of its two -intercepts at the point .

Statement 2: The -intercept of the parabola is at the origin.

Possible Answers:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the ques

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.tion. 

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.tion. 

Explanation:

The line of symmetry of a vertical parabola is the vertical line passing through the vertex. Each statement alone gives only one point on the graph, neither of which is the vertex, so neither statement alone gives sufficient information.

Now assume both statements to be true. Statement 1 gives one -intercept, ; Statement 2 states that the graph passes through the origin, so it is not only the -intercept, it is also the other -intercept. The -coordinate of the vertex is the arithmetic mean of those of the two -intercepts, so that value is

Only the -coordinate of the vertex is needed to answer the question - we can immediately deduce that the line of symmetry is .

Example Question #681 : Data Sufficiency Questions

The equation of a vertical parabola on the coordinate plane can be written in the form 

 real,  nonzero.

Is this parabola concave upward or concave downward?

Statement 1: 

Statement 2: 

Possible Answers:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Explanation:

The parabola is concave upward if and only if , and concave downward if and only if . Therefore, we need to know the sign of  to answer the question. We show that the two statements together provide insufficient information by examining two equations.

 

Case 1: 

; we check the values of the expressions in both statements:

The conditions of both statements are satisfied; since , the parabola that graphs this function is concave upward.

 

Case 2: 

; we check the values of the expressions in both statements:

The conditions of both statements are satisfied; since , the parabola that graphs this function is concave downward.

 

Example Question #561 : Geometry

What is the equation of the line of symmetry of a parabola on the coordinate plane?

Statement 1: The vertex of the parabola has -coordinate .

Statement 2: The vertex of the parabola has -coordinate .

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Explanation:

The two statements together give the vertex of the parabola, but no clue is given as to the orientation of the parabola - horizontal, vertical, or otherwise. Without that information, or any way to find it, the line of symmetry cannot be determined.

Example Question #561 : Geometry

The equation of a vertical parabola on the coordinate plane can be written in the form 

where  real, and  is a nonzero number.

Is this parabola concave upward or concave downward?

Statement 1: .

Statement 2: The parabola has -intercept .

Possible Answers:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. 

Explanation:

Assume both statements are true.

The parabola is concave upward if and only if , and concave downward if and only if . Therefore, we need to know the sign of  to answer the question. We show that the two statements together provide insufficient information by examining two equations.

 

Case 1: 

If we substitute 0 for  is easily seen to be equal to 6, so the -intercept is . Also:

Case 2: 

If we substitute 0 for  is easily seen to be equal to 6, so the -intercept is . Also:

Each equation satisfies the conditions of both statements, but  is positive in one equation and negative in the other.  can assume either sign, so the question of the parabola's concavity is unresolved.

 

Example Question #681 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Graph a line, if possible.

Statement 1: The slope is 4.

Statement 2: The y-intercept is 4.

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Statement 1): The slope is 4.

Write the slope-intercept form, and substitute the slope.

The point and the y-intercept are unknown.  Either of these will be needed to solve for the graph of this line.

Statement 1) by itself is not sufficient to graph a line.

 

Statement 2): The y-intercept is 4.

Substitute the y-intercept into the incomplete formula.

The function  can then be graphed on the x-y coordinate plane.

Therefore:

Example Question #1 : Dsq: Graphing A Line

Find the graph of .

I)  is a linear equation which passes through the point .

II)  crosses the y-axis at 1300.

Possible Answers:

Statement I is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement II is not sufficient to answer the question.

Statement II is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement I is not sufficient to answer the question.

Either statement is sufficient to answer the question.

Neither statement is sufficient to answer the question. More information is needed.

Both statements are needed to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Both statements are needed to answer the question.

Explanation:

Find the graph of .

I)  is a linear equation which passes through the point .

II)  crosses the y-axis at 1300.

 

 

To graph a linear equation, we need some combination of slope, y-intercept, or two points.

Statement I tells us  is linear and gives us one point.

Statement II gives us the y-intercept of .

We can use Statement I and Statement II to find the slope of . Then, we can plot the given points and continue the line in either direction to get our graph.

Slope:

Plugging in the provided value of , 1300, we have the equation of the line :

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