NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization) emerged after the end of the Second World War as the primarily alliance of the capitalist world during the Cold War. It was opposed by the Warsaw Pact, which was signed by the various communist nations of Europe and the Soviet Union. The current state of Russia remains excluded from NATO.

Mutually Assured Destruction is the term used to describe the nuclear relationship between the United States of America and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Essentially it suggests that because both nations possess stocks of nuclear weapons, warfare is considerably less likely, because if one nation launches a nuclear attack on another nation it will result in the destruction of both nations. Nuclear Non-Proliferation refers to an agreement that no new nations will be allowed to access nuclear weaponry.

Disarmament is the term used to describe an agreement between two or more nations to downgrade their stockpile of weapons. Particularly, it is used to describe agreements between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

In exchange for the Soviet Union removing its missiles from Cuba, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States removed its missiles from Turkey. Its possible you did not know this information, but you should have been able to make a reasonable guess based on the answer choices available. Turkey was a major ally of the United States and Western Europe during the Cold War and was a member of NATO, whereas East Germany, China, Poland, and Czechoslovakia were all countries under either the direct control of the Soviet Union or, in the case of China, under a communist government.

The Truman Doctrine was issued at the beginning of the Cold War by President Harry Truman. It stated that the United States would provide economic and military aid to any nation that was threatened by the internal or external spread of communism. The country that benefited most from the aid offered by the Truman Doctrine was Greece.

The Marshall Plan was a system established by American Secretary of State George Marshall to rebuild the economies and infrastructure of Western Europe following the damage of World War Two. The goal was to rebuild the European economy and reestablish Western Europe as a major trade partner of America, not to mention one that would have similar goals regarding the promotion of capitalism and the elimination of communism.

During the Cold War, the primary foreign policy of the United States was to try and prevent the spread of communism to other nations. This policy was called containment. It led to directly to the United States’ involvement in Korea and Vietnam, as well as other smaller conflicts.

The Domino Theory relates to the Truman Doctrine and the policy of containment that was the most important part of American foreign policy during the majority of the Cold War. The Domino Theory states that if one country falls to communism it will very likely spread to any neighboring countries. As such, America must prevent any country from falling to communism by any means that it can—or so the theory goes.

The Fair Deal was a series of domestic reforms encouraged by President Harry Truman. It represents a sort of extension of the New Deal program of his predecessor Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Fair Deal was concerned with establishing a higher minimum wage and ending unemployment.

During the early years of the Cold War, the United States and China had almost no diplomatic contact and certainly no trade agreements. China was firmly sided with the Soviet Union against the United States; however, in 1972 President Richard Nixon made a formal visit to China in an attempt to reopen trade between the two nations and normalize relations. The visit is considered the greatest foreign policy success of the Nixon administration.