College Chemistry : Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for College Chemistry

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Example Questions

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Example Question #11 : Intermolecular And Intramolecular Forces

A collection of  molecules would experience which of the following intermolecular forces?

Possible Answers:

Dipole-dipole interaction

Ion-ion interaction

Dispersion/van der Waals forces

Hydrogen bonding

Correct answer:

Dipole-dipole interaction

Explanation:

 is an asymmetrical molecule with polar covalent bonds. The dipoles of these three constituent bonds do not cancel each other out due to the trigonal pyramidal geometry of the molecule (see 3-dimensional Lewis diagram below), so the molecule has a net dipole (here, pointing down). Thus, the molecule will undergo dipole-dipole interactions with its neighbors. None of the other options would apply to this polarized molecule with asymmetrically oriented polar covalent bonds, which is not ionic, is not nonpolar, and does not possess the required acidic hydrogen needed for hydrogen bonding to occur.

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Example Question #12 : Intermolecular And Intramolecular Forces

The compound hydrazine is given by the molecular formula . What type of intermolecular forces will govern the behavior of neighboring hydrazine molecules?

Possible Answers:

Dispersion/van der Waals forces

Hydrogen bonding

Ion-ion interaction

Dipole-dipole interaction

Correct answer:

Hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

Hydrazine is a polar compound that possesses the requirements for hydrogen bonding: an "acidic hydrogen" (a hydrogen bonded to a highly electronegative atom such as oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine) and the presence of a lone pair. Both Nitrogen atoms in hydrazine have lone (unshared) electron pairs, and all four hydrogen atoms are "acidic," making hydrazine a candidate for intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Example Question #21 : Molecules And Compounds

List the following three molecules in order from lowest melting point to highest melting point: 

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Melting point is inversely related to the strength of intermolecular forces between molecules. In other words, the higher the attractive forces between molecules, the harder they will be to pull apart from a solid into a liquid state during melting. Thus, nonpolar compounds experiencing relatively weak intermolecular forces (dispersion/van der Waals forces) tend to have lower melting points than polar compounds experiencing dipole-dipole or hydrogen bonding interactions, and lower still than ionic compounds with strong attractions between positive and negative ionic species. Thus, in this list, the nonpolar compound  has the lowest melting point, followed by the polar compound  The ionic compound  has the highest melting point.

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