Socialist realism was a rejection of "bourgeoisie" artistic styles in favor of sculptures, paintings, and works of literature that celebrated the lives of workers and peasants. It was also used as propaganda to promote the rule of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government.  

Thomas Mann fled Nazi Germany in 1933 and recorded anti-Nazi speeches during the WWII period that were disseminated through the BBC in Britain. Kafka died in 1924 before the rise of Hitler. Grass and Schmidt both served in the German army during parts of WWII, though they later came to criticize the regime. Hamsun was not a German-language writer but rather Norwegian, and also a well-known supporter of the Nazi regime. 

First published in 1922, Thomas Stearns Eliot's 'The Waste Land' is widely considered one of the most important poems of the 20th century. The poem has a complex structure and draws on ancient mythology, other famous works of literature, and various moments in history. The poem reflects the general feeling of existential angst following the devastation of World War I and the not-uncommon notion that the future of humanity was, indeed, hopeless.

During the Golden Age, writers like Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway, Ezra Pound, James Joyce, F. Scott Fitzgerald, painters such as Picasso and Dali, along with musicians like Cole Porter, created something of a community of expatriate artists. They often drank to excess while also providing key artistic feedback to one another. It was a period of prolific creativity and the possibility for the artistic community to respond to the state of the world after World War I. Various literary movements resulted through their collaborations, including Surrealism, Imagisme, and stream of consciousness. The time period is chronicled in Hemingway's memoir A Moveable Feast.

The so-called Age of Anxiety is used to describe artistic endeavor in Europe during the 1920s and 1930s. This was a time period marked by the horrors of the First World War and the uncertainties of the Great Depression. Artists like Hemingway and Picasso are said to exemplify the Age of Anxiety.

Indigenistas believed that creating national artistic and cultural production as essential to creating a national identity. It was argued that national artists' inspiration should be derived from ancient Indigenous aesthetics such as the Aztec. During the Mexican Revolution, indigenous images were used as official nationalist symbols and after the revolution the government continued to use indigenous symbols to establish the roots of Mexican culture and identity. Much of this expansive artistic production was done if the form of murals on public buildings. Important artists included Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orozco.

Hemingway and Fitzgerald were writers during the Lost Generation, when Existentialism was extremely popular, however neither of them wrote the book in question, so they would not be good choices. Chaucer and Swift lived before Existentialism existed, so they could not possibly be contenders for the author. Lastly, Camus is arguably most famous for The Stranger, and as such he is the best choice.

The correct answer is "none of the other answers" because the 4 writers listed are all canon practitioners of literary Modernism. Modernism, as an artistic school, has been a major movement in visual art, architecture, and the literary arts, but the movement had different manifestations and occurred at different times.

France has the most Nobel Prize winners for literature with 15. The rest of the list is as follows: USA (10), UK (10), Germany (8), Sweden (6).