The world’s first cities arose in the same place where the Neolithic Revolution first took place, ancient Mesopotamia, approximately eight thousand years ago. The earliest human cities always arose in areas that were suitable for large scale agricultural production, such as Mesopotamia, the Nile River, the Indus River Valley, the Yellow River Valley, and Mesoamerica.

The Harappan Civilization is often also called the Indus Valley Civilization. It is an ancient civilization that existed in modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India from approximately 3,000 BCE until 1,250 BCE.

The first four civilizations all developed in river valleys because water was important for agriculture and transportation. None of the other provided answers are factually correct.

We can see that as the dates in the table become more recent, the population grows quicker. We also know from history that the Neolithic revolution happened around 8000 BCE, and the time frame from 10,000 BCE to 5000 BCE shows the most rapid growth in the table.

The earliest evidence of human existence is in Africa. Homo sapiens probably began migrating out of Africa and into eastern Asia between 100,000 and 60,000 years ago.

Nomadic pastoralists were just that: nomads. They were known for moving around from place to place. Where they moved was dictated by the seasons due to the fact that they needed to find food and vegetation for themselves and for their animals.

The first human settlers arrived in East Asia approximately 75,000 years ago. Around 50,000 years ago the first settlers crossed from southeast Asia into what is now Australia and other islands in Oceania. Oceania, despite its remote location, is one of the first places on Earth (after Africa, the Middle East, and parts of South and East Asia) to be inhabited by people.

The Out of Africa theory concerns the movement of the human species around the world from its origins in Africa. According to the most commonly accepted theory, humans first emerged in Africa approximately two hundred thousand years ago and then migrated out of the continent into the Middle East and Asia approximately one hundred thousand years ago. 

The Xia Dynasty was founded approximately four thousand years ago, circa 2,000 BCE The Xia Dynasty is the first Chinese dynasty in history. It was founded by the somewhat legendary figure Yu the Great.

When the human species migrated out of Africa, approximately 100,000 years ago, they first settled in the Middle East and South Asia. Human settlers first appeared in East Asia approximately 75,000 years ago and in Oceania approximately 50,000 years ago. It was not until 35,000 years ago that the first settlers braved the cold European climate (this was during a lengthy ice age) and settled on the continent. However, it was not until 15,000 years ago that the first settlers crossed the Bering Strait into North America and gradually made their way south across the whole continent.