AP World History : Cultural History

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP World History

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Example Questions

Example Question #91 : Cultural History

While the previous Mon civilization of Southeast Asia worshipped nature, heroes, and ancestors, the succeeding kingdom of Pagan was officially __________________.

Possible Answers:

Atheist

Communist

Muslim

Buddhist

Christian

Correct answer:

Buddhist

Explanation:

When the Mon civilization of Southeast Asia was replaced by the kingdom of Pagan, Buddhism was made the official religion of the kingdom.

Neither Christianity nor Islam were designated the official religion of the Pagan kingdom.

Communism had not been theorized yet.

Although some Buddhists consider their faith nontheist or atheistic, Pagan was not official atheist.

Example Question #92 : Cultural History

When Mongols founded the Yuan dynasty in China, they came into contact with _________________.

Possible Answers:

Islam for the first time

Tibetan Buddhism for the first time

Christianity for the first time

the Mamelukes for the first time

Tengrism for the first time

Correct answer:

Tibetan Buddhism for the first time

Explanation:

Ruling Mongol elites of the Yuan dynasty came into contact with Tibetan Buddhism soon after the state's establishment. 

Ghengis Khan, the most powerful Mongol leader in history, had both Christians and Muslims in his own family; although he personally worshipped Tengri, the sky god. 

The Mongols did come into contact with the Egyptian Mamelukes, but not the Mongols who created the Yuan dynasty in China; rather a different Mongol horde set out westward and invaded the Middle East.

Example Question #93 : Cultural History

Tonpa Shenrab was a famous sage who _________________.

Possible Answers:

synthesized Islam and Hinduism

founded an indigenous Tibetan religion called Bon

wrote books on the nature of history, the destruction of the aristocratic social class, and an ensuing conflict between the working class and monied capitalists

considered Ethiopian dictator Haile Selassie the messiah

founded Buddhism

Correct answer:

founded an indigenous Tibetan religion called Bon

Explanation:

Tonpa Shenrab founded Bon, a Tibetan religion very similar to Buddhism in many ways; in fact Shenrab is often depicted in Bon art as the same as Shakyamuni, or the founder of Buddhism.

Many scholars of comparative religion consider Sikhism, founded by Guru Nanak, a synthesis of Islam and Hinduism.

Siddhartha Gautama, Shakyamuni, an ancient prince from modern Nepal/northern India, is credited with founding Buddhism.

Karl Marx wrote books on the destruction of the aristocratic class, and a coming conflict between workers and capitalists, or the proletariat and the bourgeois.

In some forms of Rastafarianism, Haile Selassie is considered a messianic figure.

Example Question #94 : Cultural History

Sikhism is a religion originating in what is today India that ___________________.

Possible Answers:

Postdates Hinduism but predates Islam

predates Judaism

predates Christianity

postdates Islam and Hinduism

Predates Jainism but not Hinduism

Correct answer:

postdates Islam and Hinduism

Explanation:

Sikhism is oftentimes described as a synthesis, or combination, of Islam and Hinduism; it therefore postdates both Islam and Hinduism.

Hinduism is thousands of years older than Islam.

Hinduism is older than Jainism.

Christianity predates Sikhism.

Judaism predates Sikhism.

Example Question #42 : Religions 600 Ce To 1450

The Templars and the Hospitallers were both __________.

Possible Answers:

religious groups that fought for Christendom during the Crusades

dissident groups who abandoned the Catholic church during the Protestant Reformation

religious orders that focused on education and propaganda during the Catholic Counter Reformation

dissident groups who were persecuted by the church in Poland during the thirteenth century

supporters of Eastern Orthodoxy in Western Europe after the Great Schism of 1054

Correct answer:

religious groups that fought for Christendom during the Crusades

Explanation:

The Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller were militant religious groups that fought for Christendom (and their own personal wealth) during the Crusades. Both groups became immensely rich and powerful following the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099, during the First Crusade. They continued to fight in European wars, particularly against the forces of Islam, for several centuries.

Example Question #95 : Cultural History

The word Islam means _________________.

Possible Answers:

Faith Through Practice

Submission or surrender

Muhammed is the One True Messenger

Allah is the One True God and Muhammed is the One True Messenger

Allah is the One True God

Correct answer:

Submission or surrender

Explanation:

The word Islam means submission or surrender in reference to whom Muslims believe to be the one true God, Allah. Islam was created in the predominantly polytheistic society of Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula. Surrendering to a monotheistic God was a radical concept that quickly attracted many followers placing their unwavering faith in Allah. Islam is also derived from the root word 'salam' which can mean peace and safety.

Example Question #96 : Cultural History

After the death of the Prophet Muhammad Islam __________.

Possible Answers:

expanded slowly due to the technological limitations of the caliphate

expanded slowly due to disagreement between adherents about the true descendents of Muhammad

expanded rapidly due to the work of peaceful missionaries

expanded rapidly accompanied by military conquest

expanded slowly due to the rigid control of Christianity

Correct answer:

expanded rapidly accompanied by military conquest

Explanation:

After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, Islam spread rapidly around the Middle East, Central Asia, North Africa, and the Iberian peninsula. Within one hundred years of the death of the Prophet Muhammad, Islam was the dominant force in territory as far apart as Spain and Iran.

 

Example Question #97 : Cultural History

The decline of Zoroastrianism as a major religion began with __________.

Possible Answers:

the successes of the First Crusade

the downfall of the Abbasid caliphate

the partition of the Indian subcontinent

the Islamic conquest of Persia

the Islamic conquest of North Africa

Correct answer:

the Islamic conquest of Persia

Explanation:

Zoroastrianism was the state religion of the classical Persian Empire and was widely practiced in the Middle East (particularly modern-day Iran) until the Islamic conquest of Persia in the seventh and eighth centuries.

Example Question #98 : Cultural History

Cordoba mosque1

Why is the given image from the Cathedral-Mosque of Cordoba, Spain considered typical of early Islamic art and architecture?

Possible Answers:

The style was adapted from similar art found along Islamic trade routes

Most artistic developments in the Islamic Empire took place in Spain

Red is considered an important color in the Qu'ran

Many early mosques imitated the dramatic arches and high ceilings of Christian churches

Images of the prophet Muhammad are strictly prohibited in Islam, leading many Islamic artists to turn to patterns instead of iconography

Correct answer:

Images of the prophet Muhammad are strictly prohibited in Islam, leading many Islamic artists to turn to patterns instead of iconography

Explanation:

The repeating patterns found in most early Islamic art and architecture are usually attributed to Islam's unwillingness to depict the prophet Muhammad, which led to a distinctive style devoid of iconography. As such, Islamic art was a dramatic departure from that of Christian churches, although the mosque in Corboda was eventually converted into a cathedral after the end of Islamic rule.

Example Question #99 : Cultural History

Unlike Christianity, which was primarily spread by missionaries, Islam was primarily spread __________.

Possible Answers:

by word of mouth

by violent conquest and forced conversion

by scholars and academics

by the direct descendents of the Prophet Muhammad

along trade routes

Correct answer:

along trade routes

Explanation:

The initial spread of Islam, in the turbulent years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, was mostly carried out through violent conquest. But, in the many centuries since, the bulk of the spread of Islam has been undertaken along trade routes. Arab traders brought Islam to India in the seventh century and spread the religion deep into Sub-Saharan Africa and Central Asia over the next several centuries.

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