Clanging is a positive symptom of schizophrenia where the affected person will rhyme words despite the resulting utterance meaning nothing. For instance, although "I had my lunch when it's brunch it makes a crunch in a bunch" may convey meaning it will often not mean anything in context. The other answers are examples of a neologism, tangentiality, and an unrelated speech production error common among non-affected people (e.g. "I don't bike lats").

All of the answer choices are kinds of delusions that a paranoid schizophrenic typically experiences. "Paranoid delusions" are "beliefs of persecution" typified by a conception of the world as a place where everyone is out to get you. "Delusions of grandeur" involve beliefs that you possess special powers such as the ability to see the future. "Somatic delusions" involve false beliefs about abnormalities in the individual's body. Last, "delusions of reference" involve beliefs that things in your environment are directly related to you somehow, like believing someone built a random building for you. 

Works Cited:

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, 1999. (https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/NNBBHS.pdf).

All of these are kinds of hallucinations a paranoid schizophrenic may experience, an additional one being gustatory hallucinations (i.e. tasting things that aren't there). "Visual," "auditory," "tactile," and "olfactory" hallucinations are when one believes they are seeing, hearing, touching, and smelling things that are not there. Hallucinations are disturbing experiences that perpetuates the paranoid schizophrenic's sense of fear.

Works Cited:

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, 1999. (https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/NNBBHS.pdf).

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that can be passed down genetically though is more often inherited by men. Symptoms are often seen in adolescence to early adulthood and are sometimes triggered by environmental stressors such as the death of a family member, physical illness or other trauma. Much research has been done on the disease and the exact causes and origins are largely unknown though nature and nurture play a huge role.  

Depression is a mood disorder. All of the other choices represent anxiety disorders.

Hypochondriasis is a disorder in which people perceive the presence of an illness when there is none. This is a type of somatoform disorder.

A somatoform disorder is a condition in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical or neurological diagnosis. Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) become fixated upon their actual or imagined physical flaws. Individuals with pain disorders experience physical pain that is triggered by psychological distress. These physical manifestations of psychological symptoms constitute somatoform disorders.

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by sudden sleep attacks, as well as overwhelming drowsiness.

Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or infrequent breathing during sleep. Night terrors are episodes of screaming, intense fear, and flailing while still asleep. Often compared to nightmares, night terrors are much more intense. Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling and/or staying asleep.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is unrelated to autism spectrum disorder. GAD is an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety with no known triggers. 

Derived from the opium poppy, opiates, including heroin and morphine, are used to relieve pain and elevate moods. While heroin is strictly an illegal, recreational drug, morphine is often used in medical treatment for patients in intense physical distress.