AP Psychology : Influential Psychologists
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Influential Psychologists
Which psychologist studied the instinctive behavior in greylag geese and jackdaws, investigated the principle of imprinting, and became widely known for his descriptions of imprinting as an instinctive emotional bond?
Kondrad Lorenz
Lev Vygotsky
Charles Darwin
Alfred Kinsey
Phineas Gage
Kondrad Lorenz
Konrad Lorenz was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern ethology. Lorenz won the Nobel Prize in 1973 for Physiology or Medicine (alongside Nikolass Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch) and is the author of numerous books.
Example Question #2 : Influential Psychologists
Who is credited with creating a scale that measures an individual's sexuality on a scale from 0 (exclusively heterosexual) to 6 (exclusively homosexual)?
Rollo May
Alfred Kinsey
Karen Horney
Havelock Ellis
Sigmund Freud
Alfred Kinsey
This measure, known today as the Kinsey Scale, was developed by its namesake at Indiana University during his study of male and female sexuality from 1940 to 1953.
Example Question #3 : Influential Psychologists
Elizabeth Loftus' "Lost in the Mall" Study aimed to examine the creation of __________.
stereotypes and prejudice
romantic attachment
false memories
schemae
self-fulfilling prophecies
false memories
The study asked participants to recall and write down information about an event from their childhood in which they became separated from their parent in a crowded shopping mall. What the participants did not know was that this "event" was a fictional scenario designed to appear as a plausible part of their pasts.
Example Question #4 : Influential Psychologists
Which famous theorist believed most of human desire laid in the unconscious state of mind?
Abraham Maslow
Lawrence Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Freud was a huge proponent of the unconscious state of mind and believed human beings buried most of their unwanted thoughts and desires there. This concept is the basis for Freudian psychoanalytic theory and principles.
Example Question #1 : History And Principles Of Psychology
Who theorized that there are certain archetypes that are common across cultures, also known as the collective unconscious?
Noam Chomsky
Albert Bandura
Sigmund Freud
William James
Carl Jung
Carl Jung
Carl Jung was strongly influenced by Freud's idea of the unconscious mind, and took it one step further into society as a whole. He believed that members of the same species have inborn ideas and images that are common across cultures.
Example Question #5 : Influential Psychologists
Which of the following pairings of psychologists and their schools is incorrect?
Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalysis
B.F. Skinner - Humanism
Rollo May - Existential Psychology
Carl Rogers - Humanism
John Watson - Behavioralism
B.F. Skinner - Humanism
Like John Watson, B. F. Skinner was a Behavioralist. He is best known for developing the theory of operant conditioning as an alternative to Pavlov's classical conditioning.
Example Question #7 : History And Principles Of Psychology
Which famous psychologist developed a model for psychosocial development that includes eight stages?
Albert Bandura
Ivan Pavlov
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Erik Erikson believed that psychosocial development follows an eight-stage progression. Each stage consists of two competing paths of development (e.g. trust v. mistrust).
Erikson's eight stages are trust v. mistrust, autonomy v. shame/doubt, initiative v. guilt, industry v. inferiority, identity v. role confusion, intimacy v. isolation, generativity v. stagnation, and integrity v. despair.
Example Question #6 : Influential Psychologists
Who developed the first psychology lab in 1879?
John Harrison
Carl Jung
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt, also known as the "Father of Experimental Psychology", developed the first formal psychology lab at the University of Leipzig in 1879.
Example Question #7 : Influential Psychologists
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were two of the founders of which psychological perspective?
Behavioral
Humanistic
Phenomenological
Psychoanalytic
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are both associated with the Humanistic (also sometimes called the Client-Centered) approach to psychology, which emphasizes people's underlying desire and need for self-actualization. The humanist approach focuses more on encouraging a holistic view of mental health and self-actualization, as opposed to a problem-focused treatment model.
Example Question #9 : History And Principles Of Psychology
Jean-Martin Charcot is known for developing the Salpetriere into the world's first major school for which discipline?
Phrenology
Trepanning
Neurology
Psychoanalysis
Existential Psychology
Neurology
In 1882, Charcot established the first neurology clinic at the Salpetriere, an accomplishment for which he is often known as "The Father of Neurology".
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