The Law of Retail Gravitation states that large cities exert a natural gravitational pull on the people who live near them (and sometimes even people who live very far away). Accordingly people are naturally drawn to large cities because cities represent economic opportunity.

Primary economic activities include anything to do with the harvesting or mining of raw materials. Fishing is an example of a primary economic activity that goes on throughout the world and has been part of the human economy for thousands of years. Other examples include farming, hunting, mining, and wood chopping.

Secondary economic activities are areas of business concerned with the manufacturing or assembly of raw materials into products that can be sold on the mass-market. During the Industrial Revolution most of Europe and the United States of America was engaged in secondary economic activities.

Countries in the “periphery” are countries that have a very low standard of living and low levels of industrial productivity. Bolivia is in the Andean region of South America, which is mostly comprised of “periphery” countries. Afghanistan is in the Middle East, which is mostly comprised of “periphery” countries. Ethiopia is in Africa, which is almost entirely comprised of “periphery” countries with a couple of notable exceptions (like South Africa and Nigeria). Albania is in Southeastern Europe and is easily one of the poorest countries in Europe.  

The term “agglomeration” is used to describe the process by which a certain region becomes known for producing a certain product. Examples of this include Los Angeles for movies, Houston for energy, or Silicon Valley for computer technology. “Agglomeration” occurs when many different companies, within the same industry, set up their offices in the same area. This leads to a concentration of talent and resources and further exacerbates the “agglomeration.”

Estonia, Chile, Iceland, Slovenia, and Puerto Rico were all classified as high income economies, with a per capita GNI of  (U.S. Dollars) or more. Low Income Economies are so classified if they have a GNI of . Lower Middle Income Economies are so classified if they have a GNI of . Middle Income Economies are so classified if they have a GNU of .  Upper Middle Income Economies are so classified if they have a GNI of 

China provides the greatest supply of low-cost labor, followed by South Korea and India. New England is not a feasible option.

Industrial production can be outsourced from economically developed nations (i.e., the United States) to developing nations (i.e., India) to save costs. The cost of labor tends to be cheaper in developing nations; more specifically wages are lower/less costly for women than for men. 

LDCs are countries that are in an early stage of economic development. India has advanced with its recent information technology boom, so it is not an LDC. 

MDCs are countires that are more developed economically. Afghanistan is still in its early stages of economic development.