“Ethanol” is an ethyl alcohol produced from corn and grain. In recent years it has started to be used to fuel motor vehicles, particularly in the United States. Ethanol is neither used as an antiseptic nor as a form of water treatment.

“Pesticides” are chemicals that are used to treat agricultural crops so as to kill any insects or animals that might try to damage the crop. “Herbicides” are similar but are chemicals that are used to treat agricultural crops so as to kill any plants that might cause a disruption in the growth of the desired product.

Genetic engineering, artificial insemination, and the use of bacteria to make food products are all examples of biotechnology, or the purposeful utilization of biological organisms and/or processes to create or improve products. Hybrid animals bred naturally in the wild are not considered an example of biotechnology.

Organic farming does not use fossil fuels to control insect and plant pests. This means organic farms tend to have a smaller carbon footprint and less reliance on artificial inputs. The downside, however, is that organic farms also require much more physical labor. Thus the correct answer is, "Reduced effort required to cultivate crops."

Organic products are generally much more expensive to produce and to transport because they are less efficient, less reliable, and spoil more easily. Although they are grown throughout the world, the market for them is primarily concentrated in the wealthy areas of Western Europe and North America.

“Organic agriculture” is primarily defined by the reluctance to use biotechnology in farming. It usually involves eschewing pesticides and chemical fertilizers, as well as GMOs. It is becoming more and more common, particularly in wealthy areas of the western world, as many people fight back against the perceived environmental damage being wrought by big agriculture. While organic agriculture avoids many of the trappings of large-scale farming it does not always, or even most often, exist outside of corporate interest.

The name given to a farming organization that is jointly run and owned by several individual members who share in the profits, benefits, and responsibilities is called a “cooperative.” They are increasing in popularity as a way for the local community to “fight back” against the influence of multinational agribusiness.

Free trade zones, such as the nations involved in NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), allow for goods from foreign countries to be imported without a tariff, that is, without being taxed for the sake of being foreign goods. In doing so, international trade was improved drastically, helping the manufacturers of foreign foods. 

The statement is true. Global food production has been high enough to feed everyone on the planet for some time now. Although the percent of hungry people has fallen, hunger has not been eliminated. This is in large part due to poverty and unjust distribution of food, not excessive waste or poor quality.

“Food security” is a term used by agricultural geographers to refer to the ability of a population or a social community to reliably access enough nutrition to survive and flourish. People who do not know where their next meals are coming from are called “food insecure.”