AP Biology : Understanding Other Plant Evolution
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Example Question #1 : Plant Biology
What is a distinct feature of a C4 plant?
Light independent reactions
Bundle-sheath cells
Carbon fixation
Closed stomata during the day
Bundle-sheath cells
Carbon fixation converts inorganic carbon dioxide into organic carbon compounds, such as glucose and cellulose. This is a characteristic function of both C3 and C4, and is a primary purpose of light independent reactions.
Closed stomata during the day is a characteristic of CAM plants, which allows for the conservation of water that is usually lost during photorespiration.
Bundle-sheath cells are a characteristic of C4 plants. The presence of bundle-sheath cells isolates rubisco, preventing rubisco from binding to oxygen during photorespiration.
Example Question #1 : Plant Biology
Which of the following refers to the principle of alternation of generations in plants?
The differences between a tree and a seed
Gamete-producing sporophytes
The need for external pollinators
A life cycle that includes a multicellular haploid stage
A life cycle which includes a unicellular haploid stage
A life cycle that includes a multicellular haploid stage
Plants have a multicellular haploid stage called the gametophyte. Gametophytes (
Example Question #1 : Plant Biology
How is it believed that plants first became photosynthetic?
The origin of the chloroplast is still largely unknown
A vacuole became specialized for photosynthesis
An ancestor of modern plants internalized a photosynthetic prokaryote through phagocytosis
The chloroplast was a cluster of synthesized proteins, which evolved over time
An ancestor of modern plants internalized a photosynthetic prokaryote through phagocytosis
The chloroplast is believed to have evolved from photosynthetic bacteria that formed a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with an ancestor of plants through endosymbiosis. There is lots of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory, which is based on the principle of one organism phagocytosing another, resulting in mutualism.
Example Question #2 : Plant Biology
Mutualistic relationships between angiosperms and biotic pollinators foster which of the following types of evolution?
Co-evolution
Speciation
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Co-evolution
Biotic pollinators, such as bees and hummingbirds, share a mutualistic relationship with angiosperms. This leads to co-evolution, in which the selective pressure of one species impacts the genetic composition of another. In this case, the preferences of the pollinators impact the reproductive success of specific angiosperms.
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