SAT II US History : Cause and Effect in Intellectual and Cultural History from Pre-Columbian History to 1789

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT II US History

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Cause And Effect In Intellectual And Cultural History From Pre Columbian History To 1789

Which of these was not a consequence of the First Great Awakening?

Possible Answers:
A new sense of independence fostered in the colonies about religious choices and freedoms
A fear of secular education, that encouraged the creation of many religious schools
The division of existing congregations and sects, thus creating new denominations of Christianity
An abhorrence for Catholicism, and the Pope, amongst the colonists
These were all consequences of the Great Awakening
Correct answer: An abhorrence for Catholicism, and the Pope, amongst the colonists
Explanation:

The First Great Awakening (1730-1740) was a period of intense religious revivalism in the colonies that helped foster an independent religious spirit, encourage the creation of new Christian denominations and lead to the creation of many Christian schools across the colonies. Disdain for Catholicism was already rampant amongst the (vast) Protestant majority in the colonies and, as such, was not caused by the First Great Awakening. 

Example Question #2 : Cause And Effect In Intellectual And Cultural History From Pre Columbian History To 1789

What was the most significant long-term consequence of King Phillip’s War, in terms of colonial ideology?

Possible Answers:

It created a sense of colonial, or American, identity distinct from that of the British.

It engendered a cautious peace between the Natives and the colonists that would last for several decades.

It expanded trade relations between the defeated Native Americans and the colonies.

It obliterated the Native population in New England and opened up land for further settlement.

It caused the British to issue a number of taxes on the colonists as reparation. 

Correct answer:

It created a sense of colonial, or American, identity distinct from that of the British.

Explanation:

Prior to King Phillip’s War there had been little existence of an American identity, one distinct from British. In the early seventeenth century, colonies had been established primarily as a means of shipping religious dissidents three thousand miles away, where they could not affect English heterodoxy. The colonists tended to see themselves as religiously separate, but culturally and nationally identical to the British; however, in King Phillip’s War the colonists were provided with very little assistance by the British Empire. Forced to fight and die together, the war fostered a new identity, an American identity that would continue to build, particularly in New England, for the next hundred years. 

Example Question #2 : Cause And Effect In Intellectual And Cultural History From Pre Columbian History To 1789

“Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer”                         .

Possible Answers:

supported the authority of the British Empire

demanded a reform in agricultural practices

inspired anti-British sentiment throughout the colonies 

argued against the Articles of Confederation  

called for the creation of much needed internal infrastructure 

Correct answer:

inspired anti-British sentiment throughout the colonies 

Explanation:

“Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer” was, in fact, written by a lawyer in opposition to the British imposition of the Townshend Acts. The tract argued that the British government did have ultimate authority over the external affairs of the colonies, but that the colonies had the right to internal government. It declared that taxes made solely for the purpose of raising revenue for the Empire were abhorrent and against the British legal system. The tract was widely read and encouraged anti-British feeling throughout the colonies. 

Example Question #3 : Cause And Effect In Intellectual And Cultural History From Pre Columbian History To 1789

The Salem Witch Trials were a product of all the following except __________.

Possible Answers:

Calvinist theological views of appropriate behavior

the European tradition of persecuting perceived witches

unclear political structures of the Massachusetts Colony

Calvinist views of the role of women in society

the practice of neo-paganism among Salem's townspeople

Correct answer:

the practice of neo-paganism among Salem's townspeople

Explanation:

In early 1692, many town in the northern part of Massachusetts colony underwent a mass hysteria where various townspeople accused others of being practicing witches. Such accusations had a long history in European culture, and were well established in the colonists' own deeply held Calvinism. Witchcraft was a capital offense, and the ensuing trials became more convoluted by recent changes and disputes over Royal authority in the colony. In all, hundreds were accused and convicted, with dozens being executed in a variety of manners. This was also the last instance of a widespread witch trial, and made royal authority finally preeminent in Massachusetts.

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