ISEE Upper Level Math : How to subtract exponents

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for ISEE Upper Level Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 : Exponents

Simplify:

 

\displaystyle 3a^3-a^2+4a^2-8a^3

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle a^2(5a+3)

\displaystyle a^2(-5a+2)

\displaystyle a^2(5a-3)

\displaystyle a(-5a+3)

\displaystyle a^2(-5a+3)

Correct answer:

\displaystyle a^2(-5a+3)

Explanation:

In order to add or subtract exponential terms, both the base and the exponent must be the same. So we can write:

 

\displaystyle 3a^3-a^2+4a^2-8a^3=(3a^3-8a^3)+(4a^2-a^2)

\displaystyle =-5a^3+3a^2=a^2(-5a+3)

Example Question #2 : How To Subtract Exponents

Evaluate:

 

\displaystyle 5^2+5^3-7^2-3(7^2)-4(5^3)

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle -546

\displaystyle -500

\displaystyle 546

\displaystyle 550

\displaystyle -550

Correct answer:

\displaystyle -546

Explanation:

In order to add or subtract exponential terms, both the base and the exponent must be the same. So we can write:

 

\displaystyle 5^2+5^3-7^2-3(7^2)-4(5^3)=5^2+(5^3-4(5^3))-(7^2+3(7^2))

\displaystyle =5^2+-3(5^3)-4(7^2)

 

Now they must be multiplied out before they can be added:

 

\displaystyle =5\times 5- 3\times 5\times 5\times 5-4\times 7\times 7

\displaystyle =25-3\times 125-4\times 49

 

\displaystyle =25-375-196=-546

Example Question #3 : Exponents

Subtract and simplify:

\displaystyle \left ( 11 x^{2}- 8x-7 \right )- \left (-7 x^{2}-5x+19\right )

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 4x^{2}-3x+12

\displaystyle 18x^{2}-13x-26

\displaystyle 18x^{2}-3x-26

\displaystyle 18x^{2}-3x+12

\displaystyle 4x^{2}-3x-26

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 18x^{2}-3x-26

Explanation:

Consider a vertical subtraction process:

\displaystyle \begin{matrix} 11 x^{2}- 8x-7 \\\underline{ - (-7 x^{2}-5x+19)} \end{matrix}

 

Rewrite as the addition of the opposite of the second expression, as follows:

\displaystyle \begin{matrix} 11 x^{2}- 8x-7 \\\underline{ \; \; 7 x^{2}+5x-19 } \\ 18x^{2}-3x-26 \end{matrix}

Example Question #4 : Exponents

Define an operation \displaystyle \Upsilon as follows:

For all real numbers \displaystyle a, b,

\displaystyle a \Upsilon b = a^{4} - b^{3}

Evaluate: \displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \Upsilon \frac{1}{4}.

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle \frac{3}{64}

\displaystyle \frac{1}{16}

\displaystyle \frac{1}{32}

\displaystyle 0

\displaystyle -\frac{1}{48}

Correct answer:

\displaystyle \frac{3}{64}

Explanation:

\displaystyle a \Upsilon b = a^{4} - b^{3}, so

\displaystyle \frac{1}{2} \Upsilon \frac{1}{4} = \left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )^{4} - \left (\frac{1}{4} \right )^{3}

\displaystyle = \frac{1}{2^{4}} - \frac{1}{4^{3}}

\displaystyle = \frac{1}{16} - \frac{1}{64}

\displaystyle = \frac{4}{64} - \frac{1}{64}

\displaystyle = \frac{3}{64}

Example Question #3 : How To Subtract Exponents

Subtract and simplify:

\displaystyle \left ( 4x^{2}+ 1.2x-7 \right )- \left ( 2x^{2}-3.8x+9\right )

Possible Answers:

The correct answer is not among the other responses.

\displaystyle 2x^{2}+ 5x+2

\displaystyle 2x^{2}+ 5x-16

\displaystyle 2x^{2}-2.6x-16

\displaystyle 2x^{2}-2.6x+2

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 2x^{2}+ 5x-16

Explanation:

Consider a vertical subtraction process:

\displaystyle \begin{matrix} 4x^{2}+ 1.2x-7\\\underline{ - (2x^{2}-3.8x+9)} \end{matrix}

 

Rewrite as the addition of the opposite of the second expression, as follows:

\displaystyle \begin{matrix} \; \; 4x^{2}+ 1.2x-7\\\underline{ -2x^{2}+3.8x-9}\\ \; 2x^{2}+\; \; 5x-16\end{matrix}

 

Example Question #6 : Exponents

Define an operation \displaystyle \Upsilon as follows:

For all real numbers \displaystyle a, b,

\displaystyle a \Upsilon b = a^{4} - b^{3}

Evaluate: \displaystyle 0.2\; \Upsilon\; 0.1.

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 0.0006

\displaystyle 0.0015

\displaystyle -0.0006

\displaystyle -0.0084

\displaystyle -0.0015

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 0.0006

Explanation:

\displaystyle a \Upsilon b = a^{4} - b^{3}

\displaystyle 0.2\; \Upsilon\; 0.1= 0.2^{4} - 0.1^{3}

\displaystyle = 0.0016 - 0.001

\displaystyle =0.0006

Example Question #3 : How To Subtract Exponents

Define an operation \displaystyle \Upsilon as follows:

For all real numbers \displaystyle a, b,

\displaystyle a \Upsilon b = a^{4} - b^{3}

Evaluate: \displaystyle (-4) \Upsilon (-3)

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle -229

\displaystyle 229

\displaystyle 283

\displaystyle -7

\displaystyle -283

Correct answer:

\displaystyle 283

Explanation:

\displaystyle a \Upsilon b = a^{4} - b^{3}

\displaystyle (-4) \Upsilon (-3) = (-4)^{4}- (-3) ^{3}

\displaystyle = 256 - (-27)

\displaystyle =283

Example Question #8 : How To Subtract Exponents

Define \displaystyle f as follows:

\displaystyle f(x) = x^{5} - x^{3}

Evaluate \displaystyle f(-4).

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle 1,088

\displaystyle -960

\displaystyle 960

\displaystyle -16

\displaystyle -1,088

Correct answer:

\displaystyle -960

Explanation:

\displaystyle f(x) = x^{5} - x^{3}

\displaystyle f(-4) = (-4)^{5} - (-4)^{3}= -1,024- (-64) = -960

Example Question #5 : How To Subtract Exponents

Simplify the expresseion:

\displaystyle x^{8} - x^{6}+ x^{2}

Possible Answers:

The expression is already simplified.

\displaystyle 0

\displaystyle x^{4}

\displaystyle x

\displaystyle 1

Correct answer:

The expression is already simplified.

Explanation:

Variable terms can be combined by adding and subtracting if and only of they are like - that is, if each exponent of each variable is the same. In the given expression, no two exponents are the same. The terms cannot be combined, and the expression is already simplified.

Example Question #1 : Exponential Operations

Define a function \displaystyle g as follows:

\displaystyle g(x)=\left | x^{5}-x^{2}\right |

Evaluate \displaystyle g(3) - g(-3).

Possible Answers:

\displaystyle -18

\displaystyle 18

\displaystyle -486

\displaystyle 0

\displaystyle 486

Correct answer:

\displaystyle -18

Explanation:

\displaystyle g(x)=\left | x^{5}-x^{2}\right |

\displaystyle g(3)=\left | 3^{5}-3^{2}\right | = \left | 243-9\right | = \left | 234\right | = 234

\displaystyle g(-3)=\left | \left ( -3\right )^{5}- \left ( -3\right )^{2}\right | = \left | -243- 9\right | = \left | -252\right | = 252

\displaystyle g(3) - g(-3)= 234-252 = -18

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