Cortisol (glucocorticoid) also has some aldosterone (mineralcoritcoid)-like effects on the kidneys. This patient has a tumor (Cushing syndrome) which increases steroids in the body. Thus, increased mimicry activity of aldosterone can lead lead to hyponatremia in this patient. 

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is usually seen in the transitional zone. Most carcinomas originating in the peripheral zone. The posterior zone does not exist.

Most carcinomas originate in the peripheral zone, whereas benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occurs mainly the transitional zone.

Amenorrhea: no appearance or cessation of menstruation

Polymenorrhea: menstruation less then 21 day interval 

Metrorrhagia: intercyclic or irregular menstruation 

Dysmenorrhea: intermittent, cramping pain accompanying menstruation 

PCOS is polycystic ovary syndrome, which is a chronic hormonal disorder that can cause enlarged ovaries with multiple small cysts on the outer edges. The cause is unknown, but the disorder can be managed via lifestyle changes, hormonal birth control methods, and surgery. If left untreated, it can cause infertility, high cholesterol problems, mental health issues, and is a risk factor for cancer and diabetes. 

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease that can present in multiple ways. The most common symptoms are burning sensation during urination and abnormal discharge, but chlamydia infection is also asymptomatic in some cases. It can be treated with antibiotics. 

Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis are common sexually transmitted infections (STI's or STD's). They are caused by viruses that are most often transmitted during sexual activity. They can be found in areas other than the genitals, including the mouth or rectum. 

BV is also known as bacterial vaginosis. It is caused by a proliferation of bacteria in the vagina and is the most common vaginal infection in women between the ages of 15-44. It can be treated via antibiotics or will occasionally go away on its own.  

"Orchitis" refers to inflammation of either one or both of the testicles. It is marked by pain, swelling, and a feeling of heaviness in the testes. It can be caused by bacterial infection and is also commonly associated with the mumps virus. In contrast, "otitis" refers to inflammation of the outer, middle, or inner ear; it is commonly associated with infection. "Oophoritis" refers to inflammation of the ovary and is often seen with salpingitis, which is inflammation of the fallopian tubes. Lastly, osteoarthritis refers to a joint disease which results from the breakdown of joint cartilage and bone.

Calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts and can be used therapeutically for treatment of osteoporosis and hyperparathyroidism. Osteoclasts are responsible for removing "old bone". Osteoporosis may occur when the removal of "old bone" is greater than the creation of "new bone". By inhibiting osteoclasts, the bone is able to create "new bone" at a faster rate. Similarly, hyperparathyroidism is likely to cause hypercalcemia, which is in part due to the activation of osteoclasts. Thus, calcitonin may be used to take blood calcium levels back down to baseline.