HiSET: Math : Understand transformations in the plane

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for HiSET: Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #62 : Measurement And Geometry

Octagon

In the above octagon, let \(\displaystyle M\) and \(\displaystyle N\) be the midpoints of \(\displaystyle \overline{BC}\) and \(\displaystyle \overline{FG}\), respectively.

Rotate the above octagon \(\displaystyle 135^{\circ }\) counterclockwise, then reflect it about  \(\displaystyle \overleftrightarrow{MN}\). Call \(\displaystyle A'\) the image of \(\displaystyle A\) after these transformations.

\(\displaystyle A'\) will be located in the same position as which of the following points?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle G\)

\(\displaystyle E\)

\(\displaystyle H\)

\(\displaystyle F\)

\(\displaystyle D\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle G\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle 135^{\circ }\) rotation is equivalent to \(\displaystyle \frac{135}{360} = \frac{3}{8}\) of a complete rotation, so rotate as follows:

Octagon

The image of \(\displaystyle A\) under this rotation, which we will call \(\displaystyle A''\), is at \(\displaystyle F\).

Now, locate the midpoints \(\displaystyle M\) and \(\displaystyle N\), and construct the line \(\displaystyle \overleftrightarrow{MN}\) as described and shown below. Perform the reflection:

Octagon

The image of \(\displaystyle A ''\) under this transformation - the desired \(\displaystyle A'\) - is located at \(\displaystyle G\).

Example Question #63 : Measurement And Geometry

Hexagon

Rotate the above hexagon \(\displaystyle 120^{\circ }\) counterclockwise, then reflect it about \(\displaystyle \overleftrightarrow{CF}\). Call \(\displaystyle A'\) the image of \(\displaystyle A\) after these transformations.

\(\displaystyle A'\) will be located in the same position as which of the following points?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle A\)

\(\displaystyle D\)

\(\displaystyle B\)

\(\displaystyle C\)

\(\displaystyle F\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle A\)

Explanation:

\(\displaystyle 120^{\circ }\) rotation is equivalent to \(\displaystyle \frac{120}{360} = \frac{1}{3}\) of a complete rotation, so rotate as follows:

Hexagon

The image of \(\displaystyle A\) under this rotation, which we will call \(\displaystyle A''\), is at \(\displaystyle E\).

Now, construct \(\displaystyle \overleftrightarrow{CF}\), and reflect the hexagon about this line:

Hexagon

The image of \(\displaystyle A ''\) under this reflection - the desired \(\displaystyle A'\) - is located at \(\displaystyle A\) itself.

 

Example Question #21 : Understand Transformations In The Plane

Between 6:15 and 6:40, the minute hand of a clock undergoes which of the following clockwise rotations?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 120^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 135^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 150^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 180^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 144^{\circ }\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 150^{\circ }\)

Explanation:

Between 6:15 and 6:40,

\(\displaystyle 40 - 15 = 25\)

minutes elapse.

The minute hand of a clock rotates one complete \(\displaystyle 360^{\circ }\) clockwise turn about its mount over the course of 60 minutes. Therefore, over 25 minutes, the minute hand rotates \(\displaystyle \frac{25}{60} \times 360 ^{\circ }= 150^{\circ }\) clockwise.

Example Question #61 : Measurement And Geometry

Over the course of 20 minutes, the hour hand of a clock undergoes which of the following rotations?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 6^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 12^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 5^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 10^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 8^{\circ }\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 10^{\circ }\)

Explanation:

The hour hand of a clock makes one complete \(\displaystyle 360^{\circ }\) clockwise rotation over the course of 12 hours, or

\(\displaystyle 12 \times 60 = 720\)

minutes.

Therefore, over the course of 20 minutes, the hour hand rotates

\(\displaystyle \frac{20}{720} \times 360 ^{\circ } = 10^{\circ }\).

Example Question #23 : Understand Transformations In The Plane

Over the course of one minute and forty seconds, the minute hand of a clock undergoes which of the following clockwise rotations?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 10^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 6^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 5^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 8^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 12^{\circ }\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 10^{\circ }\)

Explanation:

The minute hand of a clock rotates one complete \(\displaystyle 360^{\circ }\) clockwise turn about its mount over the course of 60 minutes, or, equivalently, since there are 60 seconds in a minute, every

\(\displaystyle 60 \times 60 = 3,600\) seconds.

Over the course of 1 minute 40 seconds - or, since one minute is equal to 60 seconds,  \(\displaystyle 1 \times 60 + 40 = 100\) seconds - the minute hand rotates clockwise

\(\displaystyle \frac{100}{3,600} \times 360^{\circ } = 10^{\circ }\).

Example Question #67 : Measurement And Geometry

Letters

Examine the figures in the above diagram. The figure at right is the result of performing which of the following transformations on the figure at left?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\) clockwise rotation

\(\displaystyle 120^{\circ }\) clockwise rotation

\(\displaystyle 120^{\circ }\) counterclockwise rotation

\(\displaystyle 180^{\circ }\) rotation

\(\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\) counterclockwise rotation

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 120^{\circ }\) clockwise rotation

Explanation:

Examine the figure below:

1

If we connect the horizontal line with the line along the rotated nine at right, we see that it is the result of a one-third turn clockwise; the angle between them \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{3} \times 360^{\circ } = 120^{\circ }\)

Example Question #24 : Understand Transformations In The Plane

Letters

Examine the figures in the above diagram. The figure at right is the result of performing which of the following transformations on the figure at left?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 90^{\circ }\) counterclockwise rotation

\(\displaystyle 90^{\circ }\) clockwise rotation

\(\displaystyle 45^{\circ }\) counterclockwise rotation

\(\displaystyle 45^{\circ }\) clockwise rotation

None of the other choices gives the correct response.

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 45^{\circ }\) clockwise rotation

Explanation:

Examine the figure below:

1

If we connect the horizontal line with the line along the rotated nine at right, we see that it is the result of a one-eighth turn clockwise; the angle between them \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{8} \times 360^{\circ } = 45^{\circ }\).

Example Question #69 : Measurement And Geometry

Letters

Examine the figures in the above diagram. The figure at right is the result of performing which of the following transformations on the figure at left?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\) counterclockwise rotation

\(\displaystyle 120^{\circ }\) counterclockwise rotation

\(\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\) clockwise rotation

\(\displaystyle 120^{\circ }\) clockwise rotation

\(\displaystyle 180^{\circ }\) rotation

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\) counterclockwise rotation

Explanation:

Examine the figure below. 

1

If we connect the horizontal line with the line along the rotated "omega" at right, we see that it is the result of a one-sixth turn counterclockwise; the angle between them is one sixth of \(\displaystyle 360^{\circ }\), or  \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{6} \times 360^{\circ } = 60^{\circ }\).

Example Question #70 : Measurement And Geometry

Over the course of one hour and twenty minutes, the hour hand of a clock undergoes which of the following clockwise rotations?

Possible Answers:

\(\displaystyle 40 ^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 20 ^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 30^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 10^{\circ }\)

\(\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\)

Correct answer:

\(\displaystyle 40 ^{\circ }\)

Explanation:

The hour hand of a clock makes one complete \(\displaystyle 360^{\circ }\) clockwise rotation over the course of 12 hours, or, since one hour is equal to 60 minutes,

\(\displaystyle 12 \times 60 = 720\textup{ minutes}\)

Therefore, over the course of 1 hour 20 minutes - which is equal to \(\displaystyle 1 \times 60 + 20 = 80\) minutes - the hour hand rotates

\(\displaystyle \frac{80}{720} \times 360 ^{\circ } = 40^{\circ }\).

Example Question #1 : Dilations

Right triangle

On the above right triangle perform a dilation of scale factor \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\) with the center of the dilation at the circumcenter of the triangle. Let the images of \(\displaystyle A\)\(\displaystyle B\), and \(\displaystyle C\) be \(\displaystyle A'\)\(\displaystyle B'\),  and \(\displaystyle C '\), respectively.

Which of the following correctly shows \(\displaystyle \bigtriangleup A'B'C'\) relative to \(\displaystyle \bigtriangleup ABC\) ?

Possible Answers:

Right triangle

Right triangle

Right triangle

Right triangle

Right triangle

Correct answer:

Right triangle

Explanation:

The circumcenter of a triangle can be located by finding the intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the three sides of the triangle. The perpendicular bisectors are shown below, with point of intersection  \(\displaystyle O\):

Right triangle

It can be seen that, as is characteristic of a right triangle, this point is the midpoint of the hypotenuse. Construct \(\displaystyle \overline{BO}\). A dilation of scale factor \(\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\)  with center \(\displaystyle O\) can be performed by letting \(\displaystyle A '\)\(\displaystyle B'\), and \(\displaystyle C'\) be the midpoints of \(\displaystyle \overline{AO}\)\(\displaystyle \overline{BO}\), and \(\displaystyle \overline{CO}\), respectively: 

Right triangle

Removing the perpendicular bisectors and \(\displaystyle O\), we see that the correct choice is the figure

Right triangle

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