The sentence is a compound sentence, one that joins two independent clauses together to show their relationship. Any compound sentence needs to be joined by either a semicolon or a comma followed by a conjunction. Only "one-on-one, but he kept" properly joins the two independent clauses of the compound sentence.

The sentence is written as a compound sentence, one that joins two indpendent clauses in one sentence in order to show their relationship. A compound sentence can only be joined by either a semicolon or a comma followed by a conjunction. The only answer choice that properly joins the two clauses is "exemplary students, and she was always proud."

"What's that noise?" and "Oh, it's only the cat." are two separate sentences, not one sentence that is broken up by the phrase "asked Thelma." So, that means that a period is needed after "Thelma," and that "Oh" needs to be capitalized as the first word of a second sentence. The placement of the period after "cat" but before the double quotation marks is correct in American English, so its position does not need to be changed. Also, "Oh, it's only the cat" is a declarative statement, or at least we have no context clues that suggest it to be a question, so the answer ending the statement with a question mark is incorrect. That answer is also incorrect because the question mark falls outside of the quotation marks when it would need to be be inside of the quotation marks if the statement were a question.

The error in the sentence as it is written is that there it doesn't contain a verb. "Troubling" is actually a participle, a verbal that acts like an adjective; in the sentence given, it is describing "developments." To make a participle into a verb, one needs to introduce a form of the verb "to be" immediately before it; therefore, "In every part of the world there are troubling developments in politics" is the correct answer choice, as it is the only one that correctly inserts a verb.

The answer choice that changes "troubling" to "trouble" may look like a potentially correct answer, since "trouble" can function as a verb (as in "The questions he cannot answer trouble him"), but in this case, the verb "trouble" doesn't have a plural noun to refer to; it is followed by "developments," but "trouble" is a transitive verb—you don't just "trouble," you "trouble" something, so even if it were intended to refer to "developments," it would still be grammatically incorrect from having nothing to refer to.

The sentence is a compound one, featuring two distinct sentences, joined by a conjunction. As such, the second phrase, beginning with the underlined portion, needs to have a subject and a verb as with any sentence; therefore, "and they were able to take" is the best choice among the answers.

The underlined portion of the phrase is a dependent clause that is confusing because of the way it is worded. The phrase needs to be better linked to the main portion of the sentence. The answer choice which best does this is "and was called on when the force needed expert advice."

The fragment and the sentence can be joined together with a simple comma to make one complete sentence.

Because all three of these sentences can stand independently by themselves, separating the third with a semicolon keeps the new sentence from being a run-on.

Introducing the sentence with "even though" helps indicate that there is some contradiction between the two sentences.

The second sentence describes the dorm's location, so the following option is best because it allows the location as a description of the dorm:

"Maria was excited to move into her college dorm, which was conveniently located near her favorite campus quad." 

"Even though," "despite the fact that it," and "however" make it seem like the dorm's location is a negative detail, but the second sentence implies that this location is a positive detail through the use of the adverb "conveniently," so those options are incorrect.

The other option merely connects the second sentence to the first as a dependent clause that makes it sound as if Maria is "conveniently located near her favorite campus quad," so it is not as clear or grammatically sound as the "which was" option.