All GMAT Integrated Reasoning Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Graphics Interpretation
The graph above plots sixteen points that each describe the shoe size of sixteen individual children.
Identify the missing information of the following statement.
The relationship between the age of the child and the child's shoe size is __________.
positive
negative
zero
positive
Looking at the graph, first identify the points.
There are sixteen points: (2,1), (3,1), (3,2), (4,3), (5,5), (5,6), (6,4), (6, 7), (7,6), (7,7), (8,6), (8,7), (8,9), (9,9), (10,9), (12,9)
The line of best fit can be drawn on the image and it would have a positive slope.
It is seen that as the age of the children increases that the shoe size also increases.
Therefore there is a positive relationship between the child's age and shoe size.
Example Question #2 : Graphics Interpretation
Refer to the pictograph that describes all of the students who play soccer at Douglas High School. Each star represents 5 students from a sample of 75 total students.
Identify the missing information in the following statements using the pictograph.
I. If one student is selected at random from the 75, the chance that the student will be older than 17 or on the Varsity team, or both is __________.
II. If one student is selected at random from the 75, the chance that the students is both younger than 17 and on the Varsity Soccer Team is __________.
I. 1 out of 3
II. 1 out of 5
I. 2 out of 6
II. 2 out of 5
I. 1 out of 5
II. 2 out of 3
I. 2 out of 3
II. 1 out of 5
I. 2 out of 5
II. 2 out of 6
I. 2 out of 3
II. 1 out of 5
To identify the missing information in the following statements use the pictograph.
I. If one student is selected at random from the 75, the chance that the student will be older than 17 or on the Varsity team, or both is __________.
To find the probability of choosing a student that is either older than 17, or on the Varsity team, or both can be written mathematically as follows.
To find the ratio divide the number found above by the total number of students.
In words this is 2 out of 3.
II. If one student is selected at random from the 75, the chance that the students is both younger than 17 and on the Varsity Soccer Team is __________.
In mathematical terms this is written as the following,
To find the ratio divide the number found above by the total number of students.
In words this is 1 out of 5.
Example Question #3 : Graphics Interpretation
The graph depicts the hours prep time for students who took the ACT test and their corresponding average score.
Identify the missing information for the following statements using the graph.
I. The relationship between study time and test scores is __________.
II. The slope of the regression line is __________ .
I. negative
II. positive
I. positive
II. positive
I. zero
II. positive
I. zero
II. non-applicable
I. positive
II. not determined
I. zero
II. non-applicable
To identify the missing information for the following statements use the graph.
I. The relationship between study time and test scores is __________.
Since the scatterplot shows no clear trend, the relationship between the study time and the test score is zero.
II. The slope of the regression line is __________ .
Since there is no relationship between the study time and the average test score, a regression line in non-applicable.
Example Question #4 : Graphics Interpretation
The graph above plots sixteen points that each describe the shoe size of sixteen individual children.
Identify the missing information of the following statement.
The relationship between the age of the child and the child's shoe size is __________.
positive
zero
negative
positive
Looking at the graph, first identify the points.
There are sixteen points: (2,1), (3,1), (3,2), (4,3), (5,5), (5,6), (6,4), (6, 7), (7,6), (7,7), (8,6), (8,7), (8,9), (9,9), (10,9), (12,9)
The line of best fit can be drawn on the image and it would have a positive slope.
It is seen that as the age of the children increases that the shoe size also increases.
Therefore there is a positive relationship between the child's age and shoe size.
Example Question #5 : Graphics Interpretation
Refer to the pictograph that describes all of the students who play soccer at Douglas High School. Each star represents 5 students from a sample of 75 total students.
Identify the missing information in the following statements using the pictograph.
I. If one student is selected at random from the 75, the chance that the student will be older than 17 or on the Varsity team, or both is __________.
II. If one student is selected at random from the 75, the chance that the students is both younger than 17 and on the Varsity Soccer Team is __________.
I. 2 out of 5
II. 2 out of 6
I. 1 out of 5
II. 2 out of 3
I. 2 out of 3
II. 1 out of 5
I. 2 out of 6
II. 2 out of 5
I. 1 out of 3
II. 1 out of 5
I. 2 out of 3
II. 1 out of 5
To identify the missing information in the following statements use the pictograph.
I. If one student is selected at random from the 75, the chance that the student will be older than 17 or on the Varsity team, or both is __________.
To find the probability of choosing a student that is either older than 17, or on the Varsity team, or both can be written mathematically as follows.
To find the ratio divide the number found above by the total number of students.
In words this is 2 out of 3.
II. If one student is selected at random from the 75, the chance that the students is both younger than 17 and on the Varsity Soccer Team is __________.
In mathematical terms this is written as the following,
To find the ratio divide the number found above by the total number of students.
In words this is 1 out of 5.
Example Question #6 : Graphics Interpretation
The graph depicts the hours prep time for students who took the ACT test and their corresponding average score.
Identify the missing information for the following statements using the graph.
I. The relationship between study time and test scores is __________.
II. The slope of the regression line is __________ .
I. positive
II. positive
I. zero
II. positive
I. negative
II. positive
I. zero
II. non-applicable
I. positive
II. not determined
I. zero
II. non-applicable
To identify the missing information for the following statements use the graph.
I. The relationship between study time and test scores is __________.
Since the scatterplot shows no clear trend, the relationship between the study time and the test score is zero.
II. The slope of the regression line is __________ .
Since there is no relationship between the study time and the average test score, a regression line in non-applicable.
Example Question #1 : Two Part Analysis
Over a seven-year period, from 2002 to 2009, the number of babies born to married couples increased despite a decrease in marriages from 17,000 marriages in 2002.
In the given expression, and represent the percent change in the babies and marriages, respectively. represents the number of babies per married couple in 2002. The percent change in a quantity is calculated by the formula:
Identify the following with the given information,
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per family in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
To identify,
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
Recall the given information in this particular question.
It is known that in 2002 there are 17,000 marriages and represents .
Using this information to create a mathematical expression is as follows.
Now to identify,
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
Use the formula given
This part of the problem is asking for a ratio, but the variables that are given are percents.
Therefore, the 100’s are there because M and B are percent quantities. They are both added because M is a negative number.
So the number in the numerator is the percentage of babies that exist in 2009 compared to 2002 (a number that will be less than 100). The denominator is the percentage of the 2002 marriages that exists in 2009 (a number greater than 100).
Thus the solution is,
Example Question #2 : Two Part Analysis
A high-school music department is putting together a two-day music festival to highlight the students' talents. The schedule for the two days will adhere to the following rules:
1. Five musical performances are scheduled for each day.
2. The majority of the performances on one of the days will be composed of woodwind instruments (clarinets, flutes, saxophones, oboes, or bassoons)
3. The other day will primarily feature solo performances.
Currently, 8 of the performances (4 each day) have been scheduled. The music department must add one additional performance on each day:
Day 1
Smooth Jazz Group (10th Grade, Saxophone Trio)
Rock Your Socks Off (12th Grade, Vocal Group)
Dustin & Karen (11th Grade, Flute Duo)
James (11th Grade, Trumpet Solo)
Day 2
Adam (10th Grade, Vocal Solo)
John (11th Grade, Clarinet Solo)
Rachel (12th Grade, Brass Solo)
4 Blind Mice (9th Grade, Woodwind Quartet)
The music department must add one additional performance on each day.
Based on the rules above, identify a performance that following:
I. A performance that can be scheduled on either day.
II. A performance that cannot be scheduled on either day.
I. Susan (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. Kimmy (10th Grade, Trumpet Solo)
I. Susan (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. Henry (12th Grade, Violin Solo)
I. Susan & Tina (12th Grade, Flute and Clarinet Duo)
II. James & Jimmy (10th Grade, Vocal Duo)
I. Jenny & Molly (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. James & Jimmy (10th Grade, Vocal Duo)
I. Susan (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. James & Jimmy (10th Grade, Vocal Duo)
I. Susan (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. James & Jimmy (10th Grade, Vocal Duo)
Recall the criteria for this particular problem.
Five musicians are scheduled to play each day. To feature the departments strengths, the majority of the musicians on one of the days will be composed of woodwind instruments (clarinets, flutes, saxophones, oboes, bassoons) and the other day will be primarily solo musicians.
Looking at day one it is clear that represents the woodwind day and day two represents the solo day.
Therefore, for someone to be able to play either day that student must play a woodwind instrument and be doing a solo. For a musician(s) to play neither day it must be a group that is composed of instruments other than woodwind.
Also recall that violins are string instruments, trumpets are brass instruments, and vocal is ones voice.
Keeping all of this in mind, the correct answer is,
I. Susan (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. James & Jimmy (10th Grade, Vocal Duo)
Example Question #3 : Two Part Analysis
Over a seven-year period, from 2002 to 2009, the number of babies born to married couples increased despite a decrease in marriages from 17,000 marriages in 2002.
In the given expression, and represent the percent change in the babies and marriages, respectively. represents the number of babies per married couple in 2002. The percent change in a quantity is calculated by the formula:
Identify the following with the given information,
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per family in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
To identify,
I. The expression that represents the number of babies born in 2002.
Recall the given information in this particular question.
It is known that in 2002 there are 17,000 marriages and represents .
Using this information to create a mathematical expression is as follows.
Now to identify,
II. The expression of the number of babies born per married couple in 2009.
Use the formula given
This part of the problem is asking for a ratio, but the variables that are given are percents.
Therefore, the 100’s are there because M and B are percent quantities. They are both added because M is a negative number.
So the number in the numerator is the percentage of babies that exist in 2009 compared to 2002 (a number that will be less than 100). The denominator is the percentage of the 2002 marriages that exists in 2009 (a number greater than 100).
Thus the solution is,
Example Question #4 : Two Part Analysis
A high-school music department is putting together a two-day music festival to highlight the students' talents. The schedule for the two days will adhere to the following rules:
1. Five musical performances are scheduled for each day.
2. The majority of the performances on one of the days will be composed of woodwind instruments (clarinets, flutes, saxophones, oboes, or bassoons)
3. The other day will primarily feature solo performances.
Currently, 8 of the performances (4 each day) have been scheduled. The music department must add one additional performance on each day:
Day 1
Smooth Jazz Group (10th Grade, Saxophone Trio)
Rock Your Socks Off (12th Grade, Vocal Group)
Dustin & Karen (11th Grade, Flute Duo)
James (11th Grade, Trumpet Solo)
Day 2
Adam (10th Grade, Vocal Solo)
John (11th Grade, Clarinet Solo)
Rachel (12th Grade, Brass Solo)
4 Blind Mice (9th Grade, Woodwind Quartet)
The music department must add one additional performance on each day.
Based on the rules above, identify a performance that following:
I. A performance that can be scheduled on either day.
II. A performance that cannot be scheduled on either day.
I. Susan (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. Henry (12th Grade, Violin Solo)
I. Jenny & Molly (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. James & Jimmy (10th Grade, Vocal Duo)
I. Susan (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. James & Jimmy (10th Grade, Vocal Duo)
I. Susan (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. Kimmy (10th Grade, Trumpet Solo)
I. Susan & Tina (12th Grade, Flute and Clarinet Duo)
II. James & Jimmy (10th Grade, Vocal Duo)
I. Susan (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. James & Jimmy (10th Grade, Vocal Duo)
Recall the criteria for this particular problem.
Five musicians are scheduled to play each day. To feature the departments strengths, the majority of the musicians on one of the days will be composed of woodwind instruments (clarinets, flutes, saxophones, oboes, bassoons) and the other day will be primarily solo musicians.
Looking at day one it is clear that represents the woodwind day and day two represents the solo day.
Therefore, for someone to be able to play either day that student must play a woodwind instrument and be doing a solo. For a musician(s) to play neither day it must be a group that is composed of instruments other than woodwind.
Also recall that violins are string instruments, trumpets are brass instruments, and vocal is ones voice.
Keeping all of this in mind, the correct answer is,
I. Susan (12th Grade, Flute Solo)
II. James & Jimmy (10th Grade, Vocal Duo)