English Language Proficiency Test : Rhetorical purpose of an excerpt

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Example Question #11 : Rhetorical Purpose Of An Excerpt

1 "Camelot—Camelot," said I to myself. 2 "I don't seem to remember hearing of it before… Name of the asylum, likely."

3 It was a soft, reposeful summer landscape, as lovely as a dream, and as lonesome as Sunday.  4 The air was full of the smell of flowers, and the buzzing of insects, and the twittering of birds, and there were no people, no wagons, there was no stir of life, nothing going on.  5 The road was mainly a winding path with hoof-prints in it, and now and then a faint trace of wheels on either side in the grass—wheels that apparently had a tire as broad as one's hand.

6 Presently a fair slip of a girl, about ten years old, with a cataract of golden hair streaming down over her shoulders, came along. … 7 The circus man paid no attention to her; didn't even seem to see her.  8 And she—she was no more startled at his fantastic make-up than if she was used to his like every day of her life. 9 She was going by as indifferently as she might have gone by a couple of cows; but when she happened to notice me, then there was a change! 10 Up went her hands, and she was turned to stone; her mouth dropped open, her eyes stared wide and timorously, she was the picture of astonished curiosity touched with fear. 11 And there she stood gazing, in a sort of stupefied fascination, till we turned a corner of the wood and were lost to her view. 12 That she should be startled at me instead of at the other man, was too many for me; I couldn't make head or tail of it.

What role does the “circus man” (Sentence 7) play in the passage?

Possible Answers:

He acts as a foil for the young girl

He provides an antagonist for the main character

He confronts the readers’ own expectations

He foreshadows more strangeness

He subverts basic conventions of the genre

Correct answer:

He foreshadows more strangeness

Explanation:

The circus man is a further example of things being unsettling for the main character. We read in Sentence 8 that the young girl is “no more startled at his [the circus man’s] fantastic make-up than if she was used to his like every day of her life,” and yet the main character himself is obviously shocked by the main’s appearance. The circus man does not challenge or subvert his readers’ expectations, but he does challenge the main character’s.

Passage adapted from Mark Twain’s A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (1889)

Example Question #11 : Rhetorical Purpose Of An Excerpt

1 All her life Miss Elizabeth Dwarris had been a sore trial to her relations. 2 A woman of means, she ruled tyrannously over a large number of impecunious cousins, using her bank-balance like the scorpions of Rehoboam to chastise them, and, like many another pious creature, for their soul’s good making all and sundry excessively miserable. 3 Nurtured in the evangelical ways current in her youth, she insisted that her connections should seek salvation according to her own lights; and, with harsh tongue and with bitter gibe, made it her constant business to persuade them of their extreme unworthiness. 4 She arranged lives as she thought fit, and ventured not only to order the costume and habits, but even the inner thought of those about her: the Last Judgment could have no terrors for any that had faced her searching examination. 5 She invited to stay with her in succession various poor ladies who presumed on a distant tie to call her Aunt Eliza, and they accepted her summons, more imperious than a royal command, with gratitude by no means unmixed with fear, bearing the servitude meekly as a cross which in the future would meet due testamentary reward.

What is the role of Sentence 1 in relation to the rest of the passage?

Possible Answers:

It poses an implicit rhetorical question to the reader

It offers an example of a broader phenomenon

It addresses an error at the end of the passage

It presents a claim that the rest of the passage supports

It provides an argument for the rest of the passage to rebut

Correct answer:

It presents a claim that the rest of the passage supports

Explanation:

Sentence 1 describes bluntly the type of person who Miss Dwarris is. The rest of the passage is devoted to fleshing out that description, adding details to support the author’s assertions: she “had been a sore trial to her relations” all her life.

Passage adapted from W. Somerset Maugham’s The Merry-Go-Round (1904)

Example Question #111 : English Language Proficiency Test (Elpt)

1 Ye who listen with credulity to the whispers of fancy, and pursue with eagerness the phantoms of hope; who expect that age will perform the promises of youth, and that the deficiencies of the present day will be supplied by the morrow, attend to the history of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia.

2 … According to the custom which has descended from age to age among the monarchs of the torrid zone, Rasselas was confined in a private palace, with the other sons and daughters of Abyssinian royalty, till the order of succession should call him to the throne.

3 The place which the wisdom or policy of antiquity had destined for the residence of the Abyssinian princes was a spacious valley in the kingdom of Amhara, surrounded on every side by mountains, of which the summits overhang the middle part. 4 The only passage by which it could be entered was a cavern that passed under a rock, [and the] outlet of the cavern was concealed by a thick wood, and the mouth which opened into the valley was closed with gates of iron, forged by the artificers of ancient days, so massive that no man, without the help of engines, could open or shut them.

5 From the mountains on every side rivulets descended that filled all the valley with verdure and fertility, and formed a lake in the middle, inhabited by fish of every species, and frequented by every fowl whom nature has taught to dip the wing in water. 6 This lake discharged its superfluities by a stream, which entered a dark cleft of the mountain on the northern side, and fell with dreadful noise from precipice to precipice till it was heard no more.

What is the primary purpose of this passage?

Possible Answers:

To characterize the protagonist

To establish setting and backstory

To introduce narrative unreliability

To foreshadow the protagonist’s adventures

To set the stage for an antagonist’s arrival

Correct answer:

To establish setting and backstory

Explanation:

The passage is primarily concerned with describing Rasselas’ setting and background. We don’t learn anything about his personality, his taste, his actions, or other elements that would characterize him, and we also don’t get any foreshadowing of his future adventures. While an antagonist may appear later in the text, there’s nothing in this passage to indicate that that will happen. There is also nothing to indicate that the narrator of this passage is unreliable.

Passage adapted from Samuel Johnson’s Rasselas: Prince of Abyssinia (1759)

Example Question #11 : Rhetorical Purpose Of An Excerpt

1 Of the monstrous neglect of education in England, and the disregard of it by the State as a means of forming good or bad citizens, and miserable or happy men, private schools long afforded a notable example. 2 Although any man who had proved his unfitness for any other occupation in life, was free, without examination or qualification, to open a school anywhere; although preparation for the functions he undertook, was required in the surgeon who assisted to bring a boy into the world, or might one day assist, perhaps, to send him out of it; in the chemist, the attorney, the butcher, the baker, the candlestick maker; the whole round of crafts and trades, the schoolmaster excepted; and although schoolmasters, as a race, were the blockheads and impostors who might naturally be expected to spring from such a state of things, and to flourish in it; these Yorkshire schoolmasters were the lowest and most rotten round in the whole ladder. 3 Traders in the avarice, indifference, or imbecility of parents, and the helplessness of children; ignorant, sordid, brutal men, to whom few considerate persons would have entrusted the board and lodging of a horse or a dog; they formed the worthy cornerstone of a structure, which, for absurdity and a magnificent high-minded Laissez-Aller neglect, has rarely been exceeded in the world.

… 4 I cannot call to mind, now, how I came to hear about Yorkshire schools when I was a not very robust child, sitting in bye-places near Rochester Castle, with a head full of Partridge, Strap, Tom Pipes, and Sancho Panza; but I know that my first impressions of them were picked up at that time, and that they were somehow or other connected with a suppurated abscess that some boy had come home with, in consequence of his Yorkshire guide, philosopher, and friend, having ripped it open with an inky pen-knife.

What is the main point of Sentence 1?

Possible Answers:

Depending on whether they attended a private or a public school, men were either happy or miserable

Until the formation of private schools, education was entirely neglected in England

Private schools are an excellent example of the terrible state of English education

Until the abolition of private schools, education was entirely neglected in England

Private schools are an exception to the terrible state of English education

Correct answer:

Private schools are an excellent example of the terrible state of English education

Explanation:

The convoluted syntax of Sentence 1 can make it difficult to find the meaning. In short, the sentence is saying that the State’s neglect of and disregard for the outcome of students was exemplified by private schools.

Passage adapted from Charles Dickens’ Nicholas Nickleby (1838).

Example Question #41 : Rhetorical Functions

1 Of the monstrous neglect of education in England, and the disregard of it by the State as a means of forming good or bad citizens, and miserable or happy men, private schools long afforded a notable example. 2 Although any man who had proved his unfitness for any other occupation in life, was free, without examination or qualification, to open a school anywhere; although preparation for the functions he undertook, was required in the surgeon who assisted to bring a boy into the world, or might one day assist, perhaps, to send him out of it; in the chemist, the attorney, the butcher, the baker, the candlestick maker; the whole round of crafts and trades, the schoolmaster excepted; and although schoolmasters, as a race, were the blockheads and impostors who might naturally be expected to spring from such a state of things, and to flourish in it; these Yorkshire schoolmasters were the lowest and most rotten round in the whole ladder. 3 Traders in the avarice, indifference, or imbecility of parents, and the helplessness of children; ignorant, sordid, brutal men, to whom few considerate persons would have entrusted the board and lodging of a horse or a dog; they formed the worthy cornerstone of a structure, which, for absurdity and a magnificent high-minded Laissez-Aller neglect, has rarely been exceeded in the world.

… 4 I cannot call to mind, now, how I came to hear about Yorkshire schools when I was a not very robust child, sitting in bye-places near Rochester Castle, with a head full of Partridge, Strap, Tom Pipes, and Sancho Panza; but I know that my first impressions of them were picked up at that time, and that they were somehow or other connected with a suppurated abscess that some boy had come home with, in consequence of his Yorkshire guide, philosopher, and friend, having ripped it open with an inky pen-knife.

In Sentence 2, why does the author list various professions (“the chemist, the attorney, the butcher, the baker, the candlestick maker”)?

Possible Answers:

To show the wide variety of professions that require more qualifications than being a schoolteacher requires

To argue that schoolteachers were only one of many poorly educated professionals

To demonstrate the wide variety of professions educated by schoolteachers

None of these

To claim that schoolteachers were responsible for the poor preparation of many different professions

Correct answer:

To show the wide variety of professions that require more qualifications than being a schoolteacher requires

Explanation:

Again, convoluted syntax makes the sentence difficult to parse. Simplifying the sentence gives us the following core idea: “preparation for the functions he undertook, was required in the surgeon…. in the chemist, the attorney, the butcher, the baker, the candlestick maker; the whole round of crafts and trades, the schoolmaster excepted.” In other words, the author is listing all the professions to show examples of professions that required advanced training (i.e. “preparations for the functions he undertook”).

 Passage adapted from Charles Dickens’ Nicholas Nickleby (1838).

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