Libya has had a tumultuous political situation over the last several years after Muammar Gaddafi's regime fell and he was assassinated. The country is showing signs of moving past his massive impact on all sectors of society, though it is nearly impossible to discuss Libya's recent history without mentioning Gaddafi. He was at times a brutal dictator and was always an enigmatic representative of Libya to the world for a long time.

Transnationalism is the key term that describes boundaries becoming irrelevant due to people's connections across those boundaries.

In other words, some countries' borders don't define the citizens within them perfectly.  

In the Middle East, there are many nomadic groups as well as a massive flow of migrant workers throughout multiple countries. Some languages cross borders and unite peoples that way; other times, a shared history from before the borders were drawn can unite people. Regions and transnationalism play a huge role in Middle Eastern culture and politics, as does statehood and national pride.

The Arab League Summit had all 22 members agree on the Arab proposal of a two-state solution for Israel and Palestine. In a second extension of diplomacy, the Arab League also extended a peace offering between the Arab community and Israel.

A multitude of complications prevented Israel and Palestine from reaching the two-state solution at that time, and the issue continues in the region.

A series of conflicts with Israel and internal turmoil caused Lebanon to give up a part of its territory to the PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) to conduct military operations, which created divisions along religious and political lines throughout the region.

Within six years, Lebanon had collapsed into total civil war that lasted for fifteen years. Hezbollah is in power in the area that was once occupied by the PLO decades ago.

There are two components to the executive branch, which makes Iran's system semi-presidential. The executive branch includes the Supreme Leader and President.  

Islam is deeply important to Iran's society, government, and laws. The Supreme Leader is a religious and political leader, and is an expert in religion. His political power reigns above all branches in government. At any time, he can oust the president from office.

The Ba'athist Party became the ruling regime for Iraq in 1968, and Saddam Hussein took the presidency in 1979. The underlying Ba'athist belief is Arab unity, also called Pan-Arabism. The Ba'athist regime continued to dominate Iraq until Saddam was deposed by the American-led coalition.

Jordan has a hereditary monarchy, with the kingship passing through the family since the formation of Jordan in the early 1920s (then Transjordan). The Hashemites are the ruling family of Jordan, and King Hussein (ruling from 1953–1999) ruled over several decades of modernization and regional warring. Abdullah II, the current King of Jordan, is King Hussein's son.

When the questions and answers are complicated, it's important to use your knowledge to eliminate wrong answers and pinpoint the correct one.

Iraq invaded Kuwait in the 1990s, and NATO (the North American Treaty Alliance) intervened on behalf of Kuwait. This intervention, coupled with Iraq's invasion, proves that Kuwait does not have a powerful military, at least historically.

Kuwait's leader is called the emir, and the discovery of oil fields created a massive amount of Kuwaiti business. Realizing that oil is not forever, Kuwait has established considerable investment opportunities abroad to bolster the economy while looking towards the future.

Bedouins are nomadic peoples who have a history across the Middle East. In Kuwait, Bedouins began to move into major cities, especially Kuwait City. The booming oil industry offered jobs and stability.

All of the following contributed to the outbreak of World War One except communism. Communism, although influential in European society in the early years of the twentieth century, did not take root in any country until Russia became the first communist country with the Russian Revolution of 1917. Competing nationalist and imperialist goals, however, were massive contributing factors to the outbreak of World War One. As were the forces of rapid militarization and industrialization that were so prevalent in Europe at the time.

The Allied Occupation of Japan, spearheaded by Douglas MacArthur, lasted from the end of the war in 1945 until the withdrawal of American forces in 1952. The occupation was successful in rebuilding and reforming Japanese society and contributed to the emergence of Japan as a modern, liberal, economically powerful nation in the second-half of the twentieth century.