AP Physics C Electricity : Work, Energy, and Power
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Physics C Electricity
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Work, Power, And Diagrams
A 25kg child climbs up a tree. How much work is required for him to climb up this tree to a height of three meters?
The forces acting on the child are the force of gravity and the upward force provided by the child himself. Choosing the upward direction as positive, Newton's second law applied to the child gives the following equation.
To calculate the work done by the child to bring himself three meters up the tree, we use the work equation below.
Example Question #1 : Work, Energy, And Power
A force of 27N is applied horizontally to a box resting on a level surface. The surface exerts a friction force of 2N as the box moves. If it moves a total of 3.7m, how much work was done on the box?
The net force on the box is the applied force minus the friction force, since friction acts in the direction opposite motion.
Consequently, the net force is:
The formula for work is:
Substituting in our net force and distance, we find that the work done on the box is:
Example Question #3 : Work, Energy, And Power
An object is pushed across a rough surface with a force of 53N. The rough surface exerts a frictional force of 3.47N on the object. If the object is pushed 7.9m, how much work is done on the object?
The defintion of work is:
The net force on this object is:
We can calculate this term using the given values:
The distance is given. Substituting these values:
Example Question #3 : Work, Energy, And Power
ONe of the forces that act on a particle as it underjoes a dispalcement of
How much work is done by that force on the particle?
The equation of work is given by 
When taking dot product, keep these rule in mind
Every other dot proudct is equal to 0.
Example Question #121 : Mechanics Exam
When riding your bicycle, you have a maximum power output of 500W. As you approach a hill, you shift into first gear, applying a torque of 
Power is determined by calculating the work output per unit time. In this case, power will be the product of torque and angular velocity:
We are given values for our torque and our power output, allowing us to solve for the angualr velocity. Keep in mind that the power output is going to be 50% of the maximum.
Example Question #2 : Work, Energy, And Power
A crane lifts a crate with a mass of 50kg. The crate is raised at a constant velocity for ten seconds and and moves a vertical distance upwards of 20m. What power is being supplied to the crane during this time?
For this problem we can calculate the power as the product of force and velocity:
First, we need to find the velocity:
Our force will be equal to the weight of the crate:
Now, we can solve for power:
Example Question #1 : Work, Power, And Diagrams
A person is moving boxes up the stairs in their new home. They have two identical boxes, with same the size and mass. The first box is easy to carry up the stairs. When moving the second box, the person is more tired and moves more slowly. Which statement accurately describes the work and power between the two trials?
Work decreases; power stay the same
Work increases; power decreases
Work remains the same; power decreases
Work remains the same; power increases
Work increases; power increases
Work remains the same; power decreases
Because the boxes are the same mass and are moving the same distance, the work done will remain the same between the two instances. Work does not depend on time:
However, when carrying the second box, the person moves more slowly. The overall time increases, which leads to a decrease in power.
Example Question #2 : Work, Energy, And Power
What power is required to lift a 25kg box 5.76m off the ground in fifteen seconds?
The definition of power is:
The work done on the box to lift it is required in order to overcome the force of gravity. If we can find the force of gravity on the object, we can calculate the net force. The force of gravity on any object near the Earth's surface is:
The definition of work is:
We can substitute the force of gravity for the net force, resulting in the equation:
Substituting this into our power equation, we find:
Plugging in our given values and constants, we find:
Example Question #3 : Work, Energy, And Power
A 0.8kg ball is dropped from rest from a cliff that is 150m high. Use conservation of energy to find the vertical velocity of the ball right before it hits the bottom of the cliff.
The conservation of energy equation is 
The ball starts from rest so 
Solve for v.
Example Question #4 : Work, Energy, And Power
Starting from rest, a skateboarder travels down a 25o incline that's 22m long. Using conservation of energy, calculate the skateboarder's speed when he reaches the bottom. Ignore friction.
Conservation of energy states that 
The skateboarder starts from rest; thus, 
Solve for v.
Using trigonometry, 
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