AP Human Geography : Models of City Structure & Urban Development

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Human Geography

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Example Questions

Example Question #11 : Cities & Urban Land Use

Which of the following occupies the shaded area on the Concentric Zone Model shown here? 

Consentric_model

Possible Answers:

Transition Zone

Commuter Zone

Zone of Better Residences

Working-Class Residential Zone

Central Business District

Correct answer:

Transition Zone

Explanation:

The Transition Zone is characterized as industrial and typically dominated by manufacturing facilities. It surrounds the mainly commercial city center and is surrounded by working-class residential housing, maximizing access to markets to sell manufactured goods and housing for factory workers.

Example Question #1 : Burgess Concentric Zone Model

Which of the following is the name of the zone shaded in the provided Concentric Zone Model?

Consentric_model

Possible Answers:

Commuter Zone

Working Class Residential Zone

Middle-Income Residential Zone

Transition Zone

Central Business District Zone

Correct answer:

Commuter Zone

Explanation:

The outermost ring of the Concentric Zone Model is commuter-residential and consists mainly of low-density, estate-style housing, usually comprised of high-income professionals. Urban overcrowding is typically unappealing to people, so property values for low-density and spacious estates will be at a higher premium than higher-density urban properties.

Example Question #13 : Cities & Urban Land Use

 

According to the Burgess Concentric Zone model, which zone are low-income residents most likely to inhabit and why?

Possible Answers:

The Working-Class Residential Zone, because conditions of on-site factory housing tend to be dreadful and violate OHSA safety standards

The Transition Zone, because marketplaces and businesses tend to develop near low-income residential areas to make profit on consumer goods and services

The Commuter Zone, because demand for housing close to jobs in the Central Business District has inflated urban housing prices

The Transition Zone, because of its close proximity to industrial and manufacturing jobs in the Central Business District

The Working-Class Residential Zone, because most cities have strict urban zoning laws that prohibit people from inhabiting areas that are zoned as light-industrial or commercial

Correct answer:

The Transition Zone, because of its close proximity to industrial and manufacturing jobs in the Central Business District

Explanation:

The Transition Zone consists largely of low-quality housing that is close in proximity to industrial and manufacturing jobs in the Commercial Business District (CBD). Since the housing in this zone tends to be unpleasant, its cost is low and the proximity to entry-level jobs attracts low-income families. The Working-Class and Commuter Zones often consist of higher-quality housing, but the cost of living is often inflated and getting to the jobs often requires an automobile, which many low-income families cannot afford.

Example Question #12 : Cities & Urban Land Use

 

Which of the following real-world examples is the most accurate example of people living in a Transition Zone?

Possible Answers:

Due to the frustration of overcrowding and traffic congestion, many people who work in San Francisco in fact take the train or metro rail from surrounding bedroom communities.

The first concept of an American suburb involved estate-like villas located on the outskirts of big cities and occupied by wealthy business owners who could afford large parcels of land.

One of the benefits for faculty at many universities is on-campus housing near work at rates either subsidized or well below market value.

In most American cities, affordable apartments and living spaces are often in close proximity to light-commercial areas and office buildings that employ most people.

During the 1990s, China experienced an influx of rural residents migrating to industrial centers of big cities to work at manufacturing facilities, often living in slums or company housing.

Correct answer:

During the 1990s, China experienced an influx of rural residents migrating to industrial centers of big cities to work at manufacturing facilities, often living in slums or company housing.

Explanation:

The Transition Zone is composed of poor-quality housing for low-income residents in close proximity to commercial and industrial areas. Rural migrants to China's big industrial cities are typically living in poor-quality, low-cost housing very close to the factories at which they work, which best represents the Transition Zone of the Burgess Model.

Example Question #2 : Burgess Concentric Zone Model

Which of the following models does the Burgess Concentric Zone Model most clearly resemble?

Possible Answers:

The Multiple Nuclei Model

The Human Population Pyramid of a developing country

The Von Thunen Land Use Model

The Hoyt Sector Model

The Demographic Transition Model

Correct answer:

The Von Thunen Land Use Model

Explanation:

Both the Von Thunen and Burgess models consist of a circular pattern of ring-shaped zones that are designated based upon their value, significance, and accessibility to the central business/market areas of a settlement. The Von Thunen model prioritizes perishability of goods and accessible fuel sources (lumber) to the central populated area, while the Burgess model prioritizes accessibility of labor to industrial/commercial areas. Both result in a circular, layered model.

Example Question #13 : Cities & Urban Land Use

A city that has varying levels of development emanating in rings from a central business district is called a __________ city.

Possible Answers:

Sector Model

Postmodernist

Concentric Zone Model

Beaux arts

Multiple-Nuclei Model

Correct answer:

Concentric Zone Model

Explanation:

A city that is described as a Concentric Zone Model city will have a central business district which is surrounded by a series of rings with varying levels of development. Generally the closest ring will be for low quality housing and the furthest ring will be for suburban housing.

Example Question #14 : Cities & Urban Land Use

Which of these is not a characteristic of a central business district?

Possible Answers:

high property costs

large number of residences

the first zone of the concentric zone model

high density of people during working hours

large concentration of nonresidential activities

Correct answer:

large number of residences

Explanation:

The central business district (CBD) is where a large amount of businesses are located. In the concentric zone model, it is located in the center of the city. Houses and apartments are less common in the CBD and tend to be more prevalent outside of it.

Example Question #691 : Ap Human Geography

In the concentric zone model, what is the outermost zone?

Possible Answers:

working class zone

central business district

residential zone

transitional zone

commuter zone

Correct answer:

commuter zone

Explanation:

The outermost zone of the concentric zone model is the commuter zone, which includes the suburbs. These are the people who live furthest away from the central business district and therefore have to commute the greatest distance to work.

Example Question #1 : Hoyt Sector Model

In Hoyt's Sector Model, where is the factory/industry zone located?

Possible Answers:

right outside of the transitional zone

between the central business district and the high class residential zone

between the low class residential zone and the middle class residential zone

completely surrounding the central business district

surrounded by the low class residential zone, and touching the central business district

Correct answer:

surrounded by the low class residential zone, and touching the central business district

Explanation:

Sector model

 The factory/industry zone is the blue on the left, and it is located surrounded by the low class residential zone (green) and touching the central business district (red).

Example Question #1 : Harris & Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model

A city that is divided up into several distinct neighborhoods and that lacks a centralized downtown area is best described as a __________ city.

Possible Answers:

Modernist

Multiple-Nuclei Model

Postmodernist

Sector Model

Concentric Zone Model

Correct answer:

Multiple-Nuclei Model

Explanation:

A city that lacks a centralized business district or downtown area and that has several distinct neighborhoods that all act as regional centers within one larger city is best captured using the “Multiple-Nuclei Model.”

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