Bastille Day celebrates the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille fortress, July 14th, 1789; which was the beginning of the French Revolution.

After the end of the Tudor line, the King of Scotland, James VI of Scotland, was invited by Parliament to take the throne of England and untie the two nations under one Stuart monarchy.

Although the Levellers did want to expand the electorate, they were only one part of the Parliamentarians, who were only one side of the fight during the Civil War. All of the other answers describe tensions that led to the war--increased taxation, fears over Catholicism, and the inability of Parliament and King Charles I to work together.

Poland became the first nation to adopt a Constitution in 1791 when it attempted late reforms meant to pull the nation together and to defend against increased aggression by Poland's neighbors. It ultimately proved to serve the opposite as a new Polish government under this constitution would have been more powerful, and thus prompted Poland's neighbors (Prussia, Russia, and Austria) to invade and take over before this could happen.

Henry wished to get a divorce with his then wife, Catherine, so that he could marry Anne Boleyn. Mostly because Catherine could not produce a male heir for him. 

The American Revolution was a key drain on France's funds, which caused the Monarchy to (ill-advisedly) decide on extreme taxation on the poor as a method to pay their debts.

After Pugachev's Rebellion Catherine I took a strong stance against any revolutionary tendencies, domestic and abroad. She would subsequently take a negative view of both the American and French Revolutions. The other answers are incorrect for the following reasons: There had been several major uprisings against Russian Tsars before Pugachev, and his rebellion was not the last major uprising until 1917, as the Revolution of 1905 was absolutely a major uprising. There was a rumor that Pugachev was Peter III, but this was a lie spread by Pugachev to engender dissent against Catherine I. Finally, following Pugachev's rebellion Catherine opted to integrate and assimilate the Cossacks more into Russian culture and institutions, rather than deport them. 

The "Auld Alliance" was a later term to denote the era between 1295, when John Balliol of Scotland and Philip IV of France formed an alliance against Edward I of England, and 1603, when James VI of Scotland united the crowns of Scotland and England as James I of England. The alliance was based on each country's long-standing issues with England, which often drew one country into the other's conflicts with the English monarchy.

Following the reign of Philip II, Spain went into a decline after experiencing a "siglo de oro" (golden century). The expulsion of Jews and Muslims may have contributed. Spain began to experience heavy inflation during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; a growing population and demand most likely contributed to this inflation, and some historians believe that increased silver bullion imports from Spain's colonies further contributed. Finally, Spain's involvement in religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries contributed to its decline, in part because they were so costly. In Spain's war against England, the famed Spanish Armada was defeated in 1588, though the war continued to drag on. Additionally, the Spanish-controlled Netherlands were in revolt through the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, culminating in a free Dutch Republic in 1648. Note, however, that Spain's exploration and colonization efforts during the sixteenth century were highly successful, with many colonies in North and South America, as well as the Philippines in Asia.

The Soviet policy of glasnost was initiated in 1985 during the administration of Mikhail Gorbachev. It was designed to provide openness and transparency in government by loosening the previously tight restrictions on freedom of the press. It was accompanied by perestroika, a restructuring of the Soviet economy to provide rudimentary capitalism.