AP Chemistry : Elemental Properties and Types

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Chemistry

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Example Questions

Example Question #11 : The Periodic Table

Li, V

As, Nb

Ir, Mn

Hg, Au

O, S

Which of the following contains a metal and a non-metal?

Possible Answers:

Hg, Au

As, Nb

Li, V

O, S

Ir, Mn

Correct answer:

As, Nb

Explanation:

Non-metals are on the right side of the periodic table—past the metaloids and metals are on the left

As and Nb are the only combination that is a metal and non-metal

Example Question #12 : Elemental Properties And Types

Which of the following is not a property of metals?

Possible Answers:

Ductility

High density and melting point

Malleability

High ionization energies

Correct answer:

High ionization energies

Explanation:

The metals are found on the left side and the middle of the periodic table, and include the active metals, transition metals, and lanthanide and actinide series of elements. They easily give up electrons to form cations, since they have LOW ionization energies.

Example Question #25 : Elements And Atoms

What type of element is selenium?

Possible Answers:
Transition metal
Nonmetal
Noble gas
Metalloid
Correct answer: Nonmetal
Explanation:

Selenium is on the right side of the periodic table, so it is not a metal or metalloid. It is not in column 7 or 8, so it is not a halogen or noble gas. Thus, it must be a nonmetal.

Example Question #12 : The Periodic Table

Which property of metals make them a good component of wiring that conducts electricity?

Possible Answers:
They contain valence electrons that can move around
They are shiny
They have high electronegativity values
They have high melting points
Correct answer: They contain valence electrons that can move around
Explanation:

Electricity is produced and conducted by the movement of electrons, and thus the most important property that allows them to be used for wiring is their valence electrons that can move freely. 

Example Question #13 : The Periodic Table

What type of bond can be expected to form between K and I?

Possible Answers:

A basic bond

A covalent bond

An acidic bond

An ionic bond

A hydrogen bond

Correct answer:

An ionic bond

Explanation:

Ionic bonds occur between metals and non-metals.  The non-metal species are often halogens, very electronegative atoms which will completely take one of the non-metal's electrons.  An ionic bond is not as much a bond as it is an association between positive and negatively charged atoms (ions).  This association leads to the formation of rigid lattice structures of ionic compounds. Which makes them very stable, as seen by their high boiling points.  When looking for ionic bonding, look for bonding between non-metals and metals, and atoms that are from opposite ends of the periodic table. 

Example Question #11 : Elemental Properties And Types

Which of the following is not a property of transition metals:

Possible Answers:

When a transition metal ionizes it will always lose an electron from its s shell before its d shell

Transition metals are highly malleable

Transition metals have a high melting point and boiling point

Transition metals tend to have multiple possible oxidation states

Transition metals are highly conductive

Correct answer:

When a transition metal ionizes it will always lose an electron from its s shell before its d shell

Explanation:

While many transition metals will lose an electron from the s shell before the d shell, many transition metals will lose only one electron from the s shell or none at all. The reason for this is that there is an enhanced stability when the transition metal's d shell is half filled, , so trasition metals will lose or not lose from the s shell in order to obtain a more stable electron configuration.

Example Question #12 : Elemental Properties And Types

Which of the following elements is a metalloid?

Possible Answers:

Selenium

Carbon

Mercury

Silicon

Phosphorous

Correct answer:

Silicon

Explanation:

Metals are on the left side of the periodic table, nonmetals on the right, and metalloids follow a diagonal line from boron down to polonium. Silicon is one of these.

In general, metallic character decreases from the left of the period to the right, with the far right of the table representing the noble gases. Metalloids represent the junction between the metals and nonmetals within the period.

Example Question #13 : Elemental Properties And Types

Which of the following statements is false about metals?

Possible Answers:

They typically form negatively charged ions in solution

They are electrically conductive

They are very malleable

They are found on the left side of the periodic table

Correct answer:

They typically form negatively charged ions in solution

Explanation:

Metals are very large atoms that tend to lose electrons and become cations in solution. They will easily gain a positive charge, rather than a negative charge.

Metals typically have the following characteristics: they are malleable, ductile, and are excellent conductors for electricity. Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table.

Example Question #14 : Elemental Properties And Types

Which of the following is a metalloid?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Metalloids are the groups of elements that separate the metals and non-metals; these form a "stair-case" on the periodic table

Example Question #15 : Elemental Properties And Types

Why does iron rust more easily than zinc or aluminum?

Possible Answers:

aluminum and zinc can form protective oxides

aluminum and zinc are not reactive metals

iron is a better oxidizing agent

none of the above

Correct answer:

aluminum and zinc can form protective oxides

Explanation:

Rust forms when a substance is oxidized; thus iron cannot be a better oxidizing agent, because that would mean it would be more easily reduced. Aluminum and zinc are reactive, so that answer choice can be ruled out. Aluminum and zinc can form protective oxides by complexing the atom with oxygen.

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