AP Biology : Understanding Neural Cells
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Example Questions
Example Question #541 : Cellular Biology
Which of the following is not a part of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Spinal cord
All of these
Brain
White and grey matter
All of these
The CNS includes the brain (including white matter and gray matter) and the spinal cord. The CNS coordinates and controls all activity within the body.
Example Question #102 : Types Of Cells And Tissues
Ganglia are a part of which of the following subunits of the nervous system?
Autonomic nervous system
All of these
Somatic nervous system
Central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Ganglia are clusters of nerve cells that are a part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls the function of organs.
Example Question #103 : Types Of Cells And Tissues
Which of the following best describes the structure of the colloquial term “nerve”?
None of these
A neuron
Glycogen
A protein
A neuron
The colloquial term “nerve” refers to a neuron—a nerve cell—that can transmit electrical signals throughout the human body. Nerves can be grouped into two categories: motor neurons and sensory neurons.
Example Question #31 : Understanding Neural Cells
Which of the following is not a tissue within the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Ganglia
Certain cranial nerves
Nerves
Spinal cord
Spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system (CNS) with the rest of the human body. The PNS includes ganglia, nerves, and certain cranial nerves. The PNS does not include the brain and spinal cord, which are components of the CNS.
Example Question #32 : Understanding Neural Cells
Which of the following describes the role of connective tissues (endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium) around neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Protection and support
Insulation from toxins
There is no connective tissue surrounding peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons
Saltatory conduction
Protection and support
Three layers of connective tissue surround peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons: the endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium. This connective tissue encloses the neurons and offers protection and support.
Example Question #33 : Understanding Neural Cells
Which of the following best describes what occurs immediately after neurotransmitters bind to receptors on post-synaptic neurons?
The membrane potential stabilizes
Depolarization occurs
Neurotransmitters enter the cell via endocytosis
Ion gated channels open
Ion gated channels open
After neurotransmitters bind to the post-synaptic neuron, ion gated channels open. This allows for depolarization and the generation of another action potential.
Example Question #34 : Understanding Neural Cells
What functions does the autonomic nervous system control?
Control of body movements
Proper functioning of the brain
Function of internal organs
None of these
Function of internal organs
The autonomic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the function of internal organs including the heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal organs. This is done through the use of nerves that activate and/or inactivate glands and muscles.
Example Question #615 : Ap Biology
The somatic nervous system is a part of which broader division of the nervous system?
Autonomic nervous system
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
None of these
Peripheral nervous system
The somatic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system and controls voluntary body movements. The central nervous system involves only the brain and spinal cord. The autonomic nervous system is not under voluntary control.
Example Question #35 : Understanding Neural Cells
Which is not true about the myelin sheath on neurons?
Myelinated areas of a neuron are called nodes of Ranvier
Myelin is provided by Schwann cells
Myelin is what makes white matter appear white
Myelin allows for saltatory conduction
Myelinated areas of a neuron are called nodes of Ranvier
The myelin sheath on neurons is a fatty sheath provided by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system that increases the speed of signal transmission through saltatory conduction. Myelin makes matter in the brain appear white. Areas of the axon that aren’t myelinated are called nodes of Ranvier.
Example Question #617 : Ap Biology
What are nodes of Ranvier?
Myelinated portions of axons
Junctions between neurons
Projections off of the neuron cell body
Unmyelinated portions of axons
Unmyelinated portions of axons
Nodes of Ranvier are unmyelinated portions of the axon, located in areas of the myelin sheath. The junctions between neurons are called synaptic clefts, where neurotransmitters from one neuron are released to cause a change in the receiving neuron.
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