Drivers often believe that a lane that is closed for roadwork is one to be avoided if the problem is to be passed more quickly. However, being in the lane which is merging often means cars are moving more and create motion which allows the lane to be faster overall. Additionally, the swarm of cars moving out of the lane and into others causes problems with the other lanes of traffic.

Which of the following best describes the flaw in the argument presented above?

Tad and Lilly play together in kindergarten every day. Both children have symptoms of an illness. Tad definitely does not have an illness. Lilly’s illness symptoms are similar to Tad’s symptoms. Since Tad does not have an illness, Lilly does not have an illness.

The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument:

Brianna: Laura claims that her phone battery dies too quickly because I dropped her phone on the floor.  However, she also admitted that her phone battery died too quickly on many other occasions, despite never having been dropped on the floor on those occasions. Therefore, Laura is wrong in claiming that I caused her quickly dying battery by dropping the phone on the floor.

The reasoning in Brianna's argument is most flawed in that it: 

Nutritionist: Consumption of too much sugar may increase the risk of diabetes and insulin resistance in many people. These people can eliminate their risk of diabetes and insulin resistance without reducing their sugar intake if they increase their consumption of whole grains such as wheat bread, because the fiber in whole grains helps reduce the negative effects of sugar on insulin response.

Which of the following best expresses a flaw in the nutritionist's reasoning?

Every attractive person is confident in their own skin. Mike is a smart, young professional who is confident in his own skin. He also has a beautiful, long-term girlfriend. He must also be attractive.

Which of the following best expresses the flaw in the reasoning outlined above?

Several leading experts in the field of economics have predicted that the rate of growth in Yakistan will increase of the next few years. However, one Professor from the University of Kazubistan has conclusively proven that economic predictions tend to be unreliable. Therefore, we can conclude that Yakistan will experience negative growth for the next few years.

Which one of the following best explains in the flaw in the reasoning above?

Russell: Not all high-carbohydrate diets are unhealthy. Several conclusive studies have shown that people on high-carbohydrate diets can obtain a full complement of healthy foods.

Steven: You are wrong to assert that high-carbohydrate diets cannot be unhealthy. Eating a lot of carbohydrates can prevent people from consuming nutritious vegetables and fruits. Also, people whose diets are heavy in carbohydrates tend to engage in risky behavior that reduce their standards of living.

Steven’s response to Russell is most vulnerable to the criticism that his reply

Journalist: Television programming executives are always searching for the right combination, but are essentially never successful. New shows are constantly put behind hits in vain efforts to boost new projects, while previously well-watched shows are shunted around with no purpose other than to accommodate special events like sports or election coverage.

Which of the following best describes the flaw with the journalist's argument?

Oak boards are the most common type of wood used for building houses that are intended to stand for more than one-hundred years. But recently, a large number of houses intended to stand for more than one-hundred years have only been standing for eighty-five years. A national study concluded that the type of wood boards used in many of these houses could not have been oak because no other factor in building a house would reduce a house’s life by fifteen years.

Which of the following statements best describes the flaw in the national study’s conclusion.