GMAT Math : Problem-Solving Questions

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GMAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #25 : Real Numbers

Each of  stands for a real number; if one appears more than once in a choice, it stands for the same number each time.

Which of the following diagrams demonstrates the distributive property?

Possible Answers:

If  and , then 

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The distributive property of multiplication over addition is the idea that, if a number is multiplied by a sum, the result will be the same as if the products of that number and each individual addend are added. The diagram that demonstrates this is 

.

Example Question #22 : Understanding Real Numbers

Each of  stands for a real number; if one appears more than once in a choice, it stands for the same number each time.

Which of the following diagrams demonstrates an associative property?

Possible Answers:

If  and , then 

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Addition and multiplication are both associative, which means that a sum or product of three numbers will result in the same value regardless of which two are added or multiplied first. This is demonstrated in multiplication by the diagram

.

Example Question #1982 : Problem Solving Questions

Each of  stands for a real number; if one appears more than once in a choice, it stands for the same number each time.

Which of the following diagrams demonstrates the transitive property?

Possible Answers:

If  then 

If  and , then 

Correct answer:

If  and , then 

Explanation:

According to the transitive property of equality, if two numbers are equal to the same third number, they are equal to each other. This is demonstrated by this diagram:

If  and , then 

Example Question #1983 : Problem Solving Questions

Each of  stands for a real number; if one appears more than once in a choice, it stands for the same number each time.

Which of the following diagrams demonstrates the symmetric property?

Possible Answers:

If  and , then 

If  then 

Correct answer:

If  then 

Explanation:

According to the symmetric property of equality, if one number is equal to another, the second is equal to the first. This is demonstrated by the diagram

If  then 

Example Question #1984 : Problem Solving Questions

Each of  stands for a real number; if one appears more than once in a choice, it stands for the same number each time.

Which of the following diagrams demonstrates an identity property?

Possible Answers:

If  then 

If  and , then 

Correct answer:

Explanation:

0 is called the additive identity, since it can be added to any number to yield, as a sum, the latter number. This property is demonstrated in the diagram

Example Question #30 : Real Numbers

 is the additive inverse of .

Which of the following is equivalent to 

for all values of the variables?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

If  is the additive inverse of , then 

, or, equivalently,

Substituting,

.

Example Question #431 : Arithmetic

 is the additive inverse of .

Which of the following is equivalent to 

for all values of the variables?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

If  is the additive inverse of , then 

.

It follows by way of the commutative and associative properties that

Example Question #31 : Understanding Real Numbers

 is the additive inverse of . Which of the following expressions is equivalent to 

for all values of the variables?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

If  is the additive inverse of , then 

, or, equivalently,

By way of the distributive property and substitution,

Example Question #31 : Understanding Real Numbers

 is the multiplicative inverse of . Which of the following expressions is equivalent to 

for all values of the variables?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

If  is the multiplicative inverse of , then 

,

or, equivalently,

.

By way of substitution and the distributive property,

Example Question #34 : Real Numbers

 is the multiplicative inverse of .

Which of the following is equivalent to 

for all values of the variables?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

If  is the multiplicative inverse of , then 

By way of the commutative and associative properties, substitution, and the identity property of multiplication:

 

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