GMAT Math : GMAT Quantitative Reasoning

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Example Questions

Example Question #2111 : Problem Solving Questions

A = B > C > D = E > F .

Give the mode of the set $\left \{ A, B, C, D, E,F\right \}$ .

Possible Answers:

$\frac{C+D}{2}$

$A\textup{ and }D\textup{ are both modes.}$

$\frac{A +B+ C+D+E+F }{6}$

$\textup{The set has no mode.}$

$\frac{A+F}{2}$

Correct answer:

$A\textup{ and }D\textup{ are both modes.}$

Explanation:

The mode of a set, if it exists, is the value that occurs most frequently. The inequality

A = B > C > D = E > F

means that the set

$\left \{ A, B, C, D, E,F\right \}$

can be rewritten as

$\left \{ A, A, C, D,D,F\right \}$

and occur as values twice each; the other values, and , are unique. Therefore, the set has two modes, and .

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Example Question #103 : Descriptive Statistics

A = B < C= D

Which of these values is not a mode of the set $\left\{ A, B, C, D \right \}$ ?

Possible Answers:

$\textup{None of the other choices is correct.}$

Correct answer:

$\textup{None of the other choices is correct.}$

Explanation:

The mode of a set is the value that occurs most frequently in that set. Since

A = B < C= D , it follows that

$\left\{ A, B, C, D \right \}$

can be rewritten as

$\left\{ A, A, C, C \right \}$ .

This makes and both modes, since both occur twice. Equivalently, since A = B and C= D , and are modes.

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Example Question #561 : Arithmetic

True or false: is the arithmetic mean of the set $S = \left \{ A, B, C, D, E \right \}$ .

Statement 1: A < B < C < D< E

Statement 2: is the arithmetic mean of and .

Possible Answers:

STATEMENT 2 ALONE provides sufficient information to answer the question, but STATEMENT 1 ALONE does NOT provide sufficient information to answer the question.

EITHER STATEMENT ALONE provides sufficient information to answer the question.

BOTH STATEMENTS TOGETHER provide sufficient information to answer the question, but NEITHER STATEMENT ALONE provides sufficient information to answer the question.

BOTH STATEMENTS TOGETHER do NOT provide sufficient information to answer the question.

STATEMENT 1 ALONE provides sufficient information to answer the question, but STATEMENT 2 ALONE does NOT provide sufficient information to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH STATEMENTS TOGETHER do NOT provide sufficient information to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume both statements to be true, and examine two cases.

Case 1: A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, D= 4, E= 5

$\mu = \frac{A+B+C+D+E}{5} = \frac{1+2+3+4+5}{5} = \frac{15}{5} = 3 = C$

A < B < C < D< E

The arithmetic mean of and is

$\frac{A+ E}{2} = \frac{1+5}{2} = \frac{6}{2} = 3 = C$

The conditions of both statements are satisfied.

The mean of the five numbers is their sum divided by 5:

$\mu = \frac{A+B+C+D+E}{5} = \frac{1+2+3+4+5}{5} = \frac{15}{5} = 3 = C$

Case 2: A = 0, B = 2, C = 3, D= 5, E= 6

A < B < C < D< E

The arithmetic mean of and is

$\frac{A+ E}{2} = \frac{0+6}{2} = \frac{6}{2} = 3 = C$

The conditions of both statements are satisfied.

But the mean of the five numbers is

$\mu = \frac{A+B+C+D+E}{5} = \frac{0+2+3+5+6}{5} = \frac{16}{5} = 3.2 \ne C$

Therefore, the mean may or may not be equal to .

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Example Question #1 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Define two sets as follows:

$A = \left \{2, 4, 6, 8, 10, a, b \right \}$

$B = \left \{1, 3, 5, 7, 9, c, d \right \}$

where and are distinct positive odd integers and and are distinct positive even integers.

How many elements are contained in the set $A \cap B$ ?

1) $a, b \in \left \{ 1, 3, 5 ,7, 9\right \}$

2) $c,d \in \left \{ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10\right \}$

Possible Answers:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is not sufficient.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is not sufficient.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Suppose we know $a, b \in \left \{ 1, 3, 5 ,7, 9\right \}$ , but we do not assume the second statement.

If c = 2 and d = 4 , then $A \cap B = \left \{}a, b, 2, 4 \right \}$ , a four-element set. If If c = 2 and d = 12 , then $A \cap B = \left \{}a, b, 2 \right \}$ , a three-element set. Therefore, we cannot make a conclusion about the size of $A \cap B$ . A similar argument can be used to show that assuming only the second statement also does not allow a conclusion.

If we know both statements, however, $A \cap B = \left \{}a, b, c, d \right \}$ , and we can prove that $A \cap B$ has four elements.

The answer is that both statements together are sufficient to answer this question, but neither statement alone is sufficient.

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Example Question #2 : Data Sufficiency Questions

$A = \left \{ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ...\right \}$

$B = \left \{ 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18...\right \}$

True or false: $n \in A \cup B$

Statement 1: is a perfect square.

Statement 2: is a multiple of 99.

Possible Answers:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

includes all multiples of 2; includes all multiples of 3. $A \cup B$ comprises all multiples of either 2 or 3.

Knowing is a perfect square is neither necessary nor helpful, as, for example, $9 \in B \subseteq A \cup B$ , but $25 \notin A \cup B$ (as 25 is neither a multiple of 2 nor a multiple of 3).

If you know that is a multiple of 99, then it must also be a multiple of any number that divides 99 evenly, one such number is 3. This means $n \in B \subseteq A \cup B$

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Example Question #1 : Data Sufficiency Questions

How many elements are in the set $A \cup B$ ?

Statement 1: has three more elements than .

Statement 2: includes exactly four elements not in .

Possible Answers:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume both statements are true.

Consider these two cases:

Case1: $A = \left \{ 1,2,3,4,5\right \}$ and $B = \left \{ 5,6\right \}$

Case 2: $A = \left \{ 1,2,3,4,5,6\right \}$ and $B = \left \{ 5,6,7\right \}$

In both situations, has three more elements than and includes exactly four elements not in (1, 2, 3 and 4). However, the number of elements in the union differ in each case - in the first case, $A \cup B= \left \{ 1,2,3,4,5,6\right \}$ , and in the second case, $A \cup B= \left \{ 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7\right \}$ .

The two statements together do not yield an answer to the question.

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Example Question #4 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Venn_1

In the above Venn diagram, universal set represents the residents of Jacksonville. The sets T,E,M represent the set of all Toastmasters, Elks, and Masons, respectively.

Jimmy is a resident of Jacksonville. Is Jimmy a Mason?

Statement 1: Jimmy is not a Toastmaster.

Statement 2: Jimmy is not an Elk.

Possible Answers:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

The question asks whether Jimmy is an element of .

Statement 1 alone - that Jimmy is an element of - provides insufficient information, since contains elements that are and are not elements of . By a similar argument, Statement 2 alone is insufficient.

Now assume both statements to be true. Then Jimmy is an element of $T' \cap E'$ , shaded in the Venn diagram below:

Venn_1

It can be seen that $T' \cap E'$ shares no elements with , so Jimmy cannot be an element of . Jimmy is not a Mason.

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Example Question #1 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Venn_1

In the above Venn diagram, universal set represents the residents of Belleville. The sets T,E,M represent the set of all Toastmasters, Elks, and Masons, respectively.

Marty is a resident of Belleville. Is he an Elk?

Statement 1: Marty is neither a Mason nor a Toastmaster.

Statement 2: Marty belongs to exactly one of the three groups.

Possible Answers:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

The question asks whether or not Marty is an element of .

Assume Statement 1 alone. He is an element of $M' \cap T'$ , represented by the shaded region below:

Venn_1

$M' \cap T'$ includes elements that are and are not elements of , so it cannot be determined whether or not Marty is in .

Assume Statement 2 alone. Then Marty has to be an element of the set represented by the shaded region below:

Venn_1

Since some of the set is in and some is not, it cannot be determined whether or not Marty is in .

If both statements are known, then, since Marty is in exactly one of the three sets, and he is not a Mason or a Toastmaster, then he must be an Elk.

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Example Question #6 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Venn_1

In the above Venn diagram, universal set represents the residents of Eastland. The sets T,E,M represent the set of all Toastmasters, Elks, and Masons, respectively.

Craig is a resident of Eastland. Is Craig a Toastmaster?

Statement 1: Craig is not a Mason.

Statement 2: Craig is not an Elk.

Possible Answers:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

The question is whether or not Craig is an element of .

Assume both statements to be true. Craig is an element of the set $M' \cap E'$ , shaded in this Venn diagram:

Venn_1

There are elements of this set that both are and are not elements of . Therefore, the two statements together do not prove or disprove Craig to be an element of , a Toastmaster.

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Example Question #4 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Venn_1

In the above Venn diagram, universal set represents the residents of Jonesville. The sets T,E,M represent the set of all Toastmasters, Elks, and Masons, respectively.

Jerry is a resident of Jonesville. Is he a Mason?

Statement 1: Jerry is a Toastmaster.

Statement 2: Jerry is not an Elk.

Possible Answers:

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

The question is equivalent to asking whether Jerry is an element of set .

The sets and are disjoint - they have no elements in common. From Statement 1 alone, Jerry is an element of , so he cannot be an element of . He is not a Mason.

From Statement 2 alone, Jerry is an element of . Since there are elements not in that are and are not elements of , it cannot be determined whether Jerry is an element of - a Mason.

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GMAT Math : GMAT Quantitative Reasoning

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GMAT Math

All GMAT Math Resources

Example Questions

Example Question #2111 : Problem Solving Questions

Example Question #103 : Descriptive Statistics

Example Question #561 : Arithmetic

Example Question #1 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Example Question #2 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Example Question #1 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Example Question #4 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Example Question #1 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Example Question #6 : Data Sufficiency Questions

Example Question #4 : Data Sufficiency Questions

All GMAT Math Resources

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