Carbohydrates - AP Biology
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Name a common disaccharide.
Name a common disaccharide.
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Sucrose. Common table sugar found in many plants.
Sucrose. Common table sugar found in many plants.
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Which monosaccharide is a component of RNA?
Which monosaccharide is a component of RNA?
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Ribose. Five-carbon sugar in RNA backbone structure.
Ribose. Five-carbon sugar in RNA backbone structure.
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Which polysaccharide serves as a storage form of energy in fungi?
Which polysaccharide serves as a storage form of energy in fungi?
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Glycogen. Also used by fungi for energy storage purposes.
Glycogen. Also used by fungi for energy storage purposes.
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What is the main form of carbohydrate energy storage in plants?
What is the main form of carbohydrate energy storage in plants?
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Starch. Complex carbohydrate storing glucose for plant energy.
Starch. Complex carbohydrate storing glucose for plant energy.
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What polysaccharide is used by plants to store glucose?
What polysaccharide is used by plants to store glucose?
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Starch. Stores glucose units for later energy release.
Starch. Stores glucose units for later energy release.
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What is the empirical formula for glucose?
What is the empirical formula for glucose?
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$C_6H_{12}O_6$. Molecular formula showing glucose composition.
$C_6H_{12}O_6$. Molecular formula showing glucose composition.
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Give an example of a hexose sugar.
Give an example of a hexose sugar.
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Glucose. Six-carbon sugar that's the main cellular fuel.
Glucose. Six-carbon sugar that's the main cellular fuel.
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Which test is used to detect the presence of reducing sugars?
Which test is used to detect the presence of reducing sugars?
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Benedict's test. Color change indicates presence of free aldehyde groups.
Benedict's test. Color change indicates presence of free aldehyde groups.
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Name a carbohydrate that serves as a quick energy source.
Name a carbohydrate that serves as a quick energy source.
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Glucose. Simple sugar rapidly absorbed for immediate energy.
Glucose. Simple sugar rapidly absorbed for immediate energy.
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What is the term for carbohydrates with more than two sugar units?
What is the term for carbohydrates with more than two sugar units?
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Polysaccharides. Complex carbohydrates made of many sugar units.
Polysaccharides. Complex carbohydrates made of many sugar units.
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What is the primary component of plant cell walls?
What is the primary component of plant cell walls?
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Cellulose. Beta-glucose polymer providing structural integrity.
Cellulose. Beta-glucose polymer providing structural integrity.
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What is a common test for the presence of starch?
What is a common test for the presence of starch?
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Iodine test. Turns blue-black in presence of starch molecules.
Iodine test. Turns blue-black in presence of starch molecules.
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What is the role of carbohydrates in cell recognition?
What is the role of carbohydrates in cell recognition?
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Act as markers on cell surfaces. Glycoproteins identify cells for immune recognition.
Act as markers on cell surfaces. Glycoproteins identify cells for immune recognition.
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Which enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of starch into maltose?
Which enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of starch into maltose?
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Amylase. Breaks alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch.
Amylase. Breaks alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch.
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Name the two monosaccharides that form lactose.
Name the two monosaccharides that form lactose.
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Glucose and galactose. Forms lactose, the sugar found in milk.
Glucose and galactose. Forms lactose, the sugar found in milk.
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What is the process of forming a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?
What is the process of forming a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?
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Dehydration synthesis. Water is removed to form the glycosidic bond.
Dehydration synthesis. Water is removed to form the glycosidic bond.
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What is the empirical formula for glucose?
What is the empirical formula for glucose?
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$C_6H_{12}O_6$. Molecular formula showing glucose composition.
$C_6H_{12}O_6$. Molecular formula showing glucose composition.
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Which monosaccharide is an aldose sugar?
Which monosaccharide is an aldose sugar?
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Glucose. Contains an aldehyde functional group at carbon-1.
Glucose. Contains an aldehyde functional group at carbon-1.
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What disaccharide is formed from glucose and fructose?
What disaccharide is formed from glucose and fructose?
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Sucrose. Common table sugar made by dehydration synthesis.
Sucrose. Common table sugar made by dehydration synthesis.
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What is an isomer in the context of carbohydrates?
What is an isomer in the context of carbohydrates?
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Molecules with the same formula but different structures. Different arrangements of atoms create distinct properties.
Molecules with the same formula but different structures. Different arrangements of atoms create distinct properties.
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What is the major function of cellulose in plants?
What is the major function of cellulose in plants?
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Provides structural support. Forms rigid fibers that maintain plant shape.
Provides structural support. Forms rigid fibers that maintain plant shape.
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Which functional groups are present in glucose?
Which functional groups are present in glucose?
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Hydroxyl and aldehyde. Multiple OH groups and one carbonyl group present.
Hydroxyl and aldehyde. Multiple OH groups and one carbonyl group present.
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What is the basic chemical formula for carbohydrates?
What is the basic chemical formula for carbohydrates?
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$(CH_2O)_n$. Shows 1:2:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen atoms.
$(CH_2O)_n$. Shows 1:2:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen atoms.
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What is the main storage form of carbohydrates in animals?
What is the main storage form of carbohydrates in animals?
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Glycogen. Highly branched glucose polymer stored in liver and muscles.
Glycogen. Highly branched glucose polymer stored in liver and muscles.
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Name a storage polysaccharide found in plants.
Name a storage polysaccharide found in plants.
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Starch. Made of amylose and amylopectin for energy storage.
Starch. Made of amylose and amylopectin for energy storage.
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Which polysaccharide serves as a storage form of energy in fungi?
Which polysaccharide serves as a storage form of energy in fungi?
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Glycogen. Also used by fungi for energy storage purposes.
Glycogen. Also used by fungi for energy storage purposes.
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Identify a carbohydrate that is a major component of insect exoskeletons.
Identify a carbohydrate that is a major component of insect exoskeletons.
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Chitin. Contains nitrogen and provides protective structure.
Chitin. Contains nitrogen and provides protective structure.
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Give an example of a hexose sugar.
Give an example of a hexose sugar.
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Glucose. Six-carbon sugar that's the main cellular fuel.
Glucose. Six-carbon sugar that's the main cellular fuel.
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Which carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans, providing dietary fiber?
Which carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans, providing dietary fiber?
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Cellulose. Beta-1,4 bonds cannot be broken by human enzymes.
Cellulose. Beta-1,4 bonds cannot be broken by human enzymes.
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Which carbohydrate is involved in genetic material composition?
Which carbohydrate is involved in genetic material composition?
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Ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA. Sugar components form backbone of nucleic acids.
Ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA. Sugar components form backbone of nucleic acids.
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