Elements of Life - AP Biology
Card 1 of 30
What type of macromolecule are antibodies?
What type of macromolecule are antibodies?
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Proteins. Complex protein structures that recognize and neutralize foreign antigens.
Proteins. Complex protein structures that recognize and neutralize foreign antigens.
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Identify the monomer of nucleic acids.
Identify the monomer of nucleic acids.
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Nucleotides. Individual units containing sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base components.
Nucleotides. Individual units containing sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base components.
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What is the major function of hemoglobin in the body?
What is the major function of hemoglobin in the body?
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Transport oxygen in the blood. Iron-containing protein carries oxygen from lungs to body tissues.
Transport oxygen in the blood. Iron-containing protein carries oxygen from lungs to body tissues.
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Identify the monomer of proteins.
Identify the monomer of proteins.
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Amino acids. Individual units that link together via peptide bonds to form protein chains.
Amino acids. Individual units that link together via peptide bonds to form protein chains.
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What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
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Protein synthesis. Ribosomes attached to ER translate proteins destined for secretion or membranes.
Protein synthesis. Ribosomes attached to ER translate proteins destined for secretion or membranes.
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Which macromolecule can function as enzymes?
Which macromolecule can function as enzymes?
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Proteins. Complex three-dimensional structure enables catalytic and regulatory functions.
Proteins. Complex three-dimensional structure enables catalytic and regulatory functions.
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Identify the element that is a key component of chlorophyll.
Identify the element that is a key component of chlorophyll.
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Magnesium. Central metal ion in chlorophyll molecule essential for photosynthesis.
Magnesium. Central metal ion in chlorophyll molecule essential for photosynthesis.
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What type of macromolecule are antibodies?
What type of macromolecule are antibodies?
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Proteins. Complex protein structures that recognize and neutralize foreign antigens.
Proteins. Complex protein structures that recognize and neutralize foreign antigens.
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Identify the molecule that acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA.
Identify the molecule that acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA.
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mRNA. Transfers genetic information from nucleus to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
mRNA. Transfers genetic information from nucleus to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
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What is the function of glycogen in animals?
What is the function of glycogen in animals?
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Short-term energy storage. Branched glucose polymer stored in liver and muscle for quick energy.
Short-term energy storage. Branched glucose polymer stored in liver and muscle for quick energy.
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Which bond type is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?
Which bond type is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?
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Hydrogen bonds. Stabilizes alpha helices and beta sheets in protein folding patterns.
Hydrogen bonds. Stabilizes alpha helices and beta sheets in protein folding patterns.
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Identify the amino acid that contains sulfur.
Identify the amino acid that contains sulfur.
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Cysteine. Only amino acid containing sulfur, forms disulfide bonds in proteins.
Cysteine. Only amino acid containing sulfur, forms disulfide bonds in proteins.
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Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption?
Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption?
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Vitamin D. Promotes intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization processes.
Vitamin D. Promotes intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization processes.
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What is the role of nucleic acids in cells?
What is the role of nucleic acids in cells?
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Store and transmit genetic information. DNA and RNA carry hereditary instructions and enable protein synthesis.
Store and transmit genetic information. DNA and RNA carry hereditary instructions and enable protein synthesis.
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Which type of bond forms between water molecules?
Which type of bond forms between water molecules?
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Hydrogen bond. Weak attraction between hydrogen and oxygen atoms creates water's unique properties.
Hydrogen bond. Weak attraction between hydrogen and oxygen atoms creates water's unique properties.
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Which type of carbohydrate is a primary energy source?
Which type of carbohydrate is a primary energy source?
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Monosaccharides. Simple sugars like glucose are rapidly metabolized for immediate energy.
Monosaccharides. Simple sugars like glucose are rapidly metabolized for immediate energy.
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What are the four most common elements in living organisms?
What are the four most common elements in living organisms?
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Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. These four elements form the backbone of all major biological macromolecules.
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. These four elements form the backbone of all major biological macromolecules.
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What is the main role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
What is the main role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
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Stabilize membrane fluidity. Maintains optimal membrane viscosity across different temperature conditions.
Stabilize membrane fluidity. Maintains optimal membrane viscosity across different temperature conditions.
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What are the building blocks of lipids?
What are the building blocks of lipids?
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Glycerol and fatty acids. Three-carbon alcohol backbone with fatty acid chains attached forms lipid structure.
Glycerol and fatty acids. Three-carbon alcohol backbone with fatty acid chains attached forms lipid structure.
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Identify the type of sugar found in RNA.
Identify the type of sugar found in RNA.
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Ribose. Five-carbon sugar component of RNA nucleotides, unlike DNA's deoxyribose.
Ribose. Five-carbon sugar component of RNA nucleotides, unlike DNA's deoxyribose.
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Identify the sugar found in DNA.
Identify the sugar found in DNA.
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Deoxyribose. Five-carbon sugar lacking one hydroxyl group compared to ribose.
Deoxyribose. Five-carbon sugar lacking one hydroxyl group compared to ribose.
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Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
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tRNA. Transfer RNA delivers specific amino acids to growing polypeptide chains.
tRNA. Transfer RNA delivers specific amino acids to growing polypeptide chains.
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Identify the monomer of nucleic acids.
Identify the monomer of nucleic acids.
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Nucleotides. Individual units containing sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base components.
Nucleotides. Individual units containing sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base components.
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Identify the type of lipid that is a major component of cell membranes.
Identify the type of lipid that is a major component of cell membranes.
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Phospholipids. Amphipathic molecules that self-assemble into cellular membrane bilayers.
Phospholipids. Amphipathic molecules that self-assemble into cellular membrane bilayers.
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What is the function of enzymes in biological reactions?
What is the function of enzymes in biological reactions?
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Catalysts that speed up reactions. Lower activation energy by binding substrates and stabilizing transition states.
Catalysts that speed up reactions. Lower activation energy by binding substrates and stabilizing transition states.
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What are the components of a nucleotide?
What are the components of a nucleotide?
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Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base. Basic building blocks that link together to form nucleic acid chains.
Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base. Basic building blocks that link together to form nucleic acid chains.
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Which macromolecule serves as the main component of cell membranes?
Which macromolecule serves as the main component of cell membranes?
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Phospholipids. Amphipathic molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails form bilayers.
Phospholipids. Amphipathic molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails form bilayers.
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Identify the primary structure of proteins.
Identify the primary structure of proteins.
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Sequence of amino acids. Linear arrangement of amino acids determines all higher-level protein structures.
Sequence of amino acids. Linear arrangement of amino acids determines all higher-level protein structures.
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What is the function of ATP in the cell?
What is the function of ATP in the cell?
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Energy currency of the cell. Stores and transfers energy through high-energy phosphate bond hydrolysis.
Energy currency of the cell. Stores and transfers energy through high-energy phosphate bond hydrolysis.
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Which macromolecule is responsible for storing energy long-term?
Which macromolecule is responsible for storing energy long-term?
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Lipids. High energy density makes fats ideal for extended energy storage needs.
Lipids. High energy density makes fats ideal for extended energy storage needs.
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