Pharmacology - NCLEX-PN
Card 0 of 2292
Which of the following is an adverse effect in the client being treated for hypertension with enalapril?
Which of the following is an adverse effect in the client being treated for hypertension with enalapril?
A swelling of the tongue indicates that a client may be allergic to enalapril. Other indicators include rash, hives, itching, difficulty breathing, and tightness in the chest.
A swelling of the tongue indicates that a client may be allergic to enalapril. Other indicators include rash, hives, itching, difficulty breathing, and tightness in the chest.
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The nurse is preparing a bag of heparin sodium solution with a mix of 120,000 units/400 mL intravenously. At what rate should the nurse set the infusion pump if intending to deliver 1800 units/hr?
The nurse is preparing a bag of heparin sodium solution with a mix of 120,000 units/400 mL intravenously. At what rate should the nurse set the infusion pump if intending to deliver 1800 units/hr?
The required rate can be calculated as follows: (Delivered units/hr x mL)/units. Thus, the answer can be calculated as (1800 units/hr x 400 mL)/120,000 units = 6.0 mL/hr
The required rate can be calculated as follows: (Delivered units/hr x mL)/units. Thus, the answer can be calculated as (1800 units/hr x 400 mL)/120,000 units = 6.0 mL/hr
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Which of the following is a potential side effect of prednisone?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of prednisone?
There are many potential side effects of prednisone, including all those listed in the answer choices, headache, fatigue, acne, seizures, upset stomach, changes in mood, difficulty breathing, dry cough, vomiting, depression, heartburn, muscle weakness, irregular heart beat, tremors, inability to properly thermoregulate, and many others.
There are many potential side effects of prednisone, including all those listed in the answer choices, headache, fatigue, acne, seizures, upset stomach, changes in mood, difficulty breathing, dry cough, vomiting, depression, heartburn, muscle weakness, irregular heart beat, tremors, inability to properly thermoregulate, and many others.
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Allopurinol is used for what condition?
Allopurinol is used for what condition?
Allopurinol is a purine analog and xanthine oxidase inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic gout.
Allopurinol is a purine analog and xanthine oxidase inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic gout.
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Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of the class of drugs known as beta blockers?
Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of the class of drugs known as beta blockers?
Beta blockers act by blocking response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. In that way they are beta-adrenergic antagonists, rather than agonists. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors, not beta blockers, block the production of angiotensin II, but both act to decrease blood pressure. Beta blockers have nothing to do with beta cells of the pancreatic islets, which secrete insulin.
Beta blockers act by blocking response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. In that way they are beta-adrenergic antagonists, rather than agonists. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors, not beta blockers, block the production of angiotensin II, but both act to decrease blood pressure. Beta blockers have nothing to do with beta cells of the pancreatic islets, which secrete insulin.
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Which of the following drugs is used in the treatment of osteoporosis?
Which of the following drugs is used in the treatment of osteoporosis?
Alendronic acid (trade name Fosamax) is a bisphosphonate used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates reduce bone loss by encouraging apoptosis in osteoclasts.
Infliximab is a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) blocker used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and several other autoimmune conditions. Sitagliptin (trade name Januvia) is a diabetes medication. Budesonide/formoterol (trade name Symbicort) is a combination long acting beta agonist and corticosteroid used in the treatment of asthma.
Alendronic acid (trade name Fosamax) is a bisphosphonate used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates reduce bone loss by encouraging apoptosis in osteoclasts.
Infliximab is a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) blocker used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and several other autoimmune conditions. Sitagliptin (trade name Januvia) is a diabetes medication. Budesonide/formoterol (trade name Symbicort) is a combination long acting beta agonist and corticosteroid used in the treatment of asthma.
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The new pediatric nurse has just given a suppository to a 5-year-old boy. He has a bowel movement 7 minutes post administration. Which action should the nurse take next?
The new pediatric nurse has just given a suppository to a 5-year-old boy. He has a bowel movement 7 minutes post administration. Which action should the nurse take next?
First, examine the stool for the suppository. Based on the findings, inform the physician. If the suppository was fully present in the stool, the physician may want to prescribe another dose. If not, he may choose to re-order half of the prescribed dose or none at all.
First, examine the stool for the suppository. Based on the findings, inform the physician. If the suppository was fully present in the stool, the physician may want to prescribe another dose. If not, he may choose to re-order half of the prescribed dose or none at all.
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The pediatric nurse must convince a 4-year-old boy to take his medication. Which phrase is the most acceptable?
The pediatric nurse must convince a 4-year-old boy to take his medication. Which phrase is the most acceptable?
When convincing a child to take medicine, be straightforward and clear. Try not to offer the child a choice, as they likely won't take it. Stay away from using bribery, punishment, or comparing medicine to candy. Be honest about the taste of the medicine or risk losing the trust of the child.
When convincing a child to take medicine, be straightforward and clear. Try not to offer the child a choice, as they likely won't take it. Stay away from using bribery, punishment, or comparing medicine to candy. Be honest about the taste of the medicine or risk losing the trust of the child.
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The pediatric nurse is summoned to a room by the parents of a 2-year-old child. The peripheral IV line has been removed by the patient. When starting a new line, the nurse carefully chooses placement. The nurse should attempt to start the IV
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The pediatric nurse is summoned to a room by the parents of a 2-year-old child. The peripheral IV line has been removed by the patient. When starting a new line, the nurse carefully chooses placement. The nurse should attempt to start the IV .
Most peripheral IV's are started in the right or left arm. Distal to the arm would mean closest to the fingertips. When starting an IV, always start looking for potential sites closest to the fingertips and work upwards. If a vein is punctured and becomes unusable, it is possible to move above the previous attempt and start a successful IV.
Most peripheral IV's are started in the right or left arm. Distal to the arm would mean closest to the fingertips. When starting an IV, always start looking for potential sites closest to the fingertips and work upwards. If a vein is punctured and becomes unusable, it is possible to move above the previous attempt and start a successful IV.
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Jane is a 49-year-old woman who has recently had a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placed. The nurse is teaching Jane how to flush her PICC. She knows that the teaching was effective when Jane states which of the following?
Jane is a 49-year-old woman who has recently had a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placed. The nurse is teaching Jane how to flush her PICC. She knows that the teaching was effective when Jane states which of the following?
One should always use a 10mL syringe or larger to flush a PICC line. Smaller syringes place greater pressure on the line which could result in damage. For example, a 3mL syringe places greater pressure on a PICC line than a 5mL syringe.
One should always use a 10mL syringe or larger to flush a PICC line. Smaller syringes place greater pressure on the line which could result in damage. For example, a 3mL syringe places greater pressure on a PICC line than a 5mL syringe.
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Which of the following is an appropriate reason to delay antibiotic administration in a stable patient?
Which of the following is an appropriate reason to delay antibiotic administration in a stable patient?
Obtaining a set of blood cultures before treating a bacterial infection helps to individualize care and reduce antibiotic resistance (using a narrow-spectrum antibiotic doesn't work against so many types of bacteria). By identifying specific bacteria in the blood, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic may be chosen. A physician may prescribe a broad-spectrum antibiotic initially and change treatment later based on the results of the blood cultures.
Obtaining a set of blood cultures before treating a bacterial infection helps to individualize care and reduce antibiotic resistance (using a narrow-spectrum antibiotic doesn't work against so many types of bacteria). By identifying specific bacteria in the blood, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic may be chosen. A physician may prescribe a broad-spectrum antibiotic initially and change treatment later based on the results of the blood cultures.
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A client being treated for type II diabetes has recently been prescribed an oral hyperglycemic medication and has inquired how the medications will keep his blood sugar levels under control. The nurse informs the patient the medication prescribed will reduce glucose production by the liver and increase insulin sensitivity but will not increase insulin production.
Based on this description, which diabetic medication has this client been prescribed?
A client being treated for type II diabetes has recently been prescribed an oral hyperglycemic medication and has inquired how the medications will keep his blood sugar levels under control. The nurse informs the patient the medication prescribed will reduce glucose production by the liver and increase insulin sensitivity but will not increase insulin production.
Based on this description, which diabetic medication has this client been prescribed?
The only medication mentioned that does not actually stimulate insulin production is Metformin. This medication is a Biguanide, it's mechanism of action includes decreasing hepatic glucose production, and increases insulin sensitivity.
The only medication mentioned that does not actually stimulate insulin production is Metformin. This medication is a Biguanide, it's mechanism of action includes decreasing hepatic glucose production, and increases insulin sensitivity.
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The nurse anticipates administration of milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide). Which of the following patient conditions may affect the nurse’s decision to administer magnesium hydroxide?
The nurse anticipates administration of milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide). Which of the following patient conditions may affect the nurse’s decision to administer magnesium hydroxide?
The nurse must consider potential side effects of medications before administering them. Constipation, diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, and acid rebound are potential side effects of magnesium hydroxide. A dose of magnesium hydroxide may potentially exacerbate the patient’s current condition if he is constipated. As an antacid, magnesium hydroxide is indicated for peptic ulcers, stress ulcers, indigestion, and reflex esophagitis.
The nurse must consider potential side effects of medications before administering them. Constipation, diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, and acid rebound are potential side effects of magnesium hydroxide. A dose of magnesium hydroxide may potentially exacerbate the patient’s current condition if he is constipated. As an antacid, magnesium hydroxide is indicated for peptic ulcers, stress ulcers, indigestion, and reflex esophagitis.
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The nurse cares for a patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI). The patient has an allergy to penicillins. Which of the following medications is contraindicated for this patient’s illness?
The nurse cares for a patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI). The patient has an allergy to penicillins. Which of the following medications is contraindicated for this patient’s illness?
Patients with allergies to penicillins often have cross-allergies to cephalosporins. Cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone should be avoided by patients with these allergies. Patients with cephalosporin allergies should also avoid pencillins. Streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and sulfasalazine may all treat UTIs but are not penicillins.
Patients with allergies to penicillins often have cross-allergies to cephalosporins. Cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone should be avoided by patients with these allergies. Patients with cephalosporin allergies should also avoid pencillins. Streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and sulfasalazine may all treat UTIs but are not penicillins.
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A male client is receiving 150mg of gentamicin every 8 hours for a soft tissue infection. The nurse giving this medication is aware there are several serious side effects associated with gentamicin, including ototoxicity.
Which statement by the client indicates that he may be experiencing this serious side effect?
A male client is receiving 150mg of gentamicin every 8 hours for a soft tissue infection. The nurse giving this medication is aware there are several serious side effects associated with gentamicin, including ototoxicity.
Which statement by the client indicates that he may be experiencing this serious side effect?
The ringing in the ear is tinnitus, which is indicative of ototoxicity. Nausea, metallic taste in mouth, difficulty swallowing and skin reactions are not associated with the development of ototoxicity.
The ringing in the ear is tinnitus, which is indicative of ototoxicity. Nausea, metallic taste in mouth, difficulty swallowing and skin reactions are not associated with the development of ototoxicity.
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Which of the following is a symptom of digoxin toxicity?
Which of the following is a symptom of digoxin toxicity?
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common symptoms of digoxin toxicity. Other symptoms may include confusion, anorexia, irregular heartbeat, and palpitations. Tremors, mood swings, and rash are not generally seen with digoxin toxicity.
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common symptoms of digoxin toxicity. Other symptoms may include confusion, anorexia, irregular heartbeat, and palpitations. Tremors, mood swings, and rash are not generally seen with digoxin toxicity.
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Which of the following is the most serious potential adverse effect of enalapril?
Which of the following is the most serious potential adverse effect of enalapril?
All of these are potential side effects of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors such as enalapril, but angioedema (the swelling of the face, lips, and/or tongue) is a potentially life threatening condition, as swelling can obstruct the airway.
All of these are potential side effects of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors such as enalapril, but angioedema (the swelling of the face, lips, and/or tongue) is a potentially life threatening condition, as swelling can obstruct the airway.
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A 19-year-old client presents to the emergency department explaining that he has a history of sickle cell anemia. He is complaining of severe pain in his arms and legs. The nurse recognizes that the patient is experiencing a sickle cell crisis, and is going to administer pain medication as ordered.
The nurse is aware that which of the following pain medications is contraindicated for this disorder?
A 19-year-old client presents to the emergency department explaining that he has a history of sickle cell anemia. He is complaining of severe pain in his arms and legs. The nurse recognizes that the patient is experiencing a sickle cell crisis, and is going to administer pain medication as ordered.
The nurse is aware that which of the following pain medications is contraindicated for this disorder?
Meperidine is contraindicated because in high doses it can form a toxic metabolite that can lead to seizures. All other drugs listed are appropriate for pain control for sickle cell crisis.
Meperidine is contraindicated because in high doses it can form a toxic metabolite that can lead to seizures. All other drugs listed are appropriate for pain control for sickle cell crisis.
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An individual taking which of the following medications must be instructed to remain upright for a minimum of thirty minutes after ingestion in order to avoid esophagitis?
An individual taking which of the following medications must be instructed to remain upright for a minimum of thirty minutes after ingestion in order to avoid esophagitis?
Alendronate is a bisphosphonate drug used in the treatment of osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. An individual taking this medication should be instructed to remain upright for a minimum of thirty minutes after ingestion in order to avoid esophagitis. Other gastrointestinal adverse effects of alendronate include esophageal strictures, achalasia, gastric ulcers, and gastritis. None of the other medications listed are associated with esophagitis.
Alendronate is a bisphosphonate drug used in the treatment of osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. An individual taking this medication should be instructed to remain upright for a minimum of thirty minutes after ingestion in order to avoid esophagitis. Other gastrointestinal adverse effects of alendronate include esophageal strictures, achalasia, gastric ulcers, and gastritis. None of the other medications listed are associated with esophagitis.
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Which of the following is not as side effect associated with beta blockers?
Which of the following is not as side effect associated with beta blockers?
The most common side effects of beta blockers are fatigue, dizziness, weakness, cold hands or feet, dry mouth, headache, nausea, diarrhea, and shortness of breath.
The most common side effects of beta blockers are fatigue, dizziness, weakness, cold hands or feet, dry mouth, headache, nausea, diarrhea, and shortness of breath.
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