Track Energy Changes - Middle School Physical Science
Card 1 of 25
Which energy form increases in a resistor or filament when electric current runs through it?
Which energy form increases in a resistor or filament when electric current runs through it?
Tap to reveal answer
Thermal energy. Electrical resistance converts electrical energy to heat.
Thermal energy. Electrical resistance converts electrical energy to heat.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which energy form decreases in a battery when it powers a device?
Which energy form decreases in a battery when it powers a device?
Tap to reveal answer
Chemical energy. Batteries convert stored chemical energy to electrical energy.
Chemical energy. Batteries convert stored chemical energy to electrical energy.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What energy form is stored in a stretched or compressed spring or rubber band?
What energy form is stored in a stretched or compressed spring or rubber band?
Tap to reveal answer
Elastic potential energy. Deformed elastic materials store recoverable energy.
Elastic potential energy. Deformed elastic materials store recoverable energy.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which energy form typically increases when two surfaces rub and warm up?
Which energy form typically increases when two surfaces rub and warm up?
Tap to reveal answer
Thermal energy. Friction converts kinetic energy to heat.
Thermal energy. Friction converts kinetic energy to heat.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which energy form increases when an object is lifted higher in a gravitational field?
Which energy form increases when an object is lifted higher in a gravitational field?
Tap to reveal answer
Gravitational potential energy. Height in a gravity field stores potential energy.
Gravitational potential energy. Height in a gravity field stores potential energy.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which energy form increases when an object speeds up (without height change)?
Which energy form increases when an object speeds up (without height change)?
Tap to reveal answer
Kinetic energy. Moving objects have kinetic energy proportional to $v^2$.
Kinetic energy. Moving objects have kinetic energy proportional to $v^2$.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the definition of an energy transformation in an energy representation?
What is the definition of an energy transformation in an energy representation?
Tap to reveal answer
Energy changing from one form to another within a system. Energy converts between forms while staying in the same system.
Energy changing from one form to another within a system. Energy converts between forms while staying in the same system.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the definition of an energy transfer in an energy representation?
What is the definition of an energy transfer in an energy representation?
Tap to reveal answer
Energy moving from one object or system to another. Energy crosses system boundaries between separate objects.
Energy moving from one object or system to another. Energy crosses system boundaries between separate objects.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the energy conservation rule to apply when tracking energy before and after an interaction?
What is the energy conservation rule to apply when tracking energy before and after an interaction?
Tap to reveal answer
Total energy before = total energy after. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
Total energy before = total energy after. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which energy representation is correct for a flashlight: battery energy decreases, light and heat increase?
Which energy representation is correct for a flashlight: battery energy decreases, light and heat increase?
Tap to reveal answer
Chemical energy decreases; radiant and thermal energy increase. Battery's chemical energy converts to light and heat.
Chemical energy decreases; radiant and thermal energy increase. Battery's chemical energy converts to light and heat.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the energy change: A stretched spring launches a cart on a smooth track.
Identify the energy change: A stretched spring launches a cart on a smooth track.
Tap to reveal answer
Elastic potential decreases; KE increases. Stored spring energy converts to motion energy.
Elastic potential decreases; KE increases. Stored spring energy converts to motion energy.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the energy change: A sliding box slows down on a rough floor (no height change).
Identify the energy change: A sliding box slows down on a rough floor (no height change).
Tap to reveal answer
KE decreases; thermal energy increases. Friction converts motion energy to heat.
KE decreases; thermal energy increases. Friction converts motion energy to heat.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the energy change: A falling object speeds up while losing height (ignore air resistance).
Identify the energy change: A falling object speeds up while losing height (ignore air resistance).
Tap to reveal answer
GPE decreases; KE increases by the same amount. Gravity converts height energy to motion energy.
GPE decreases; KE increases by the same amount. Gravity converts height energy to motion energy.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which option correctly completes this statement: In a closed system, $\Delta E_{total} =$ what value?
Which option correctly completes this statement: In a closed system, $\Delta E_{total} =$ what value?
Tap to reveal answer
$0$. Total energy remains constant in isolated systems.
$0$. Total energy remains constant in isolated systems.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the correct gravitational potential energy formula near Earth’s surface.
Identify the correct gravitational potential energy formula near Earth’s surface.
Tap to reveal answer
$GPE = mgh$. Energy equals mass times gravity times height.
$GPE = mgh$. Energy equals mass times gravity times height.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the correct kinetic energy formula used in energy representations.
Identify the correct kinetic energy formula used in energy representations.
Tap to reveal answer
$KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$. Energy equals half mass times velocity squared.
$KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$. Energy equals half mass times velocity squared.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which statement best describes an open system in energy tracking?
Which statement best describes an open system in energy tracking?
Tap to reveal answer
Energy can cross the system boundary. External energy can be added or removed from the system.
Energy can cross the system boundary. External energy can be added or removed from the system.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which statement best describes an isolated (closed) system in energy tracking?
Which statement best describes an isolated (closed) system in energy tracking?
Tap to reveal answer
No energy enters or leaves the system boundary. Total energy stays constant with no external exchanges.
No energy enters or leaves the system boundary. Total energy stays constant with no external exchanges.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What does a system boundary represent in an energy diagram or energy bar chart?
What does a system boundary represent in an energy diagram or energy bar chart?
Tap to reveal answer
What is included in the system being analyzed. Defines what's inside vs. outside for energy accounting.
What is included in the system being analyzed. Defines what's inside vs. outside for energy accounting.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the missing energy form: battery powers a motor that spins a fan; chemical becomes what?
Identify the missing energy form: battery powers a motor that spins a fan; chemical becomes what?
Tap to reveal answer
Chemical energy becomes kinetic energy (with some thermal energy). Motors convert electrical energy from batteries to motion.
Chemical energy becomes kinetic energy (with some thermal energy). Motors convert electrical energy from batteries to motion.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the correct conservation equation using system energy and transferred energy?
What is the correct conservation equation using system energy and transferred energy?
Tap to reveal answer
$E_{\text{before}} + E_{\text{in}} = E_{\text{after}} + E_{\text{out}}$. This equation balances all energy in the system.
$E_{\text{before}} + E_{\text{in}} = E_{\text{after}} + E_{\text{out}}$. This equation balances all energy in the system.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which energy transformation best matches a stretched rubber band that is released?
Which energy transformation best matches a stretched rubber band that is released?
Tap to reveal answer
Elastic potential energy transforms into kinetic energy. Stored elastic energy converts to motion when released.
Elastic potential energy transforms into kinetic energy. Stored elastic energy converts to motion when released.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What does thermal energy represent in an energy bar chart?
What does thermal energy represent in an energy bar chart?
Tap to reveal answer
Energy related to temperature and particle motion within matter. Faster particle motion means higher temperature.
Energy related to temperature and particle motion within matter. Faster particle motion means higher temperature.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What does chemical energy represent in an energy bar chart?
What does chemical energy represent in an energy bar chart?
Tap to reveal answer
Stored energy in chemical bonds (food, fuel, batteries). Breaking bonds releases this stored energy.
Stored energy in chemical bonds (food, fuel, batteries). Breaking bonds releases this stored energy.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which rule must be true for total energy in a correct energy bar chart?
Which rule must be true for total energy in a correct energy bar chart?
Tap to reveal answer
Total energy before equals total energy after (including transfers). Conservation of energy requires balanced totals.
Total energy before equals total energy after (including transfers). Conservation of energy requires balanced totals.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →