Classical Conditioning and Associative Learning (7C) Practice Test

A lab compares two learning procedures without mixing theories. Classical conditioning is operationally defined as: an involuntary response becomes elicited by a previously neutral cue after repeated cue–US pairings. In Procedure 1, a click sound (NS) is paired with a lemon drop on the tongue (US) that produces salivation (UR); later, the click alone produces salivation (CR). In Procedure 2, participants receive a point reward each time they press a button after seeing a green circle. Which statement best distinguishes Procedure 1 from Procedure 2?

A university dining hall evaluates taste learning. Classical conditioning is operationally defined as: a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus after repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response. A specific instrumental jingle (NS) plays each time a very spicy dish is served (US), which produces tearing/eye-watering (UR). After repeated meals, the jingle alone produces mild tearing (CR). Which interpretation is most consistent with the conditioning described?