Question 1
Two dice are rolled simultaneously. Given that the sum is greater than , what is the probability that both dice show the same number?
Explanation: Sums > 8: (3,6), (4,5), (4,6), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6) - total 10 outcomes. Same numbers with sum > 8: (5,5), (6,6) - total 2 outcomes. P(same|sum > 8) = 2/10 = 1/5. Choice B (1/6) is P(same) unconditionally. Choice C (3/10) results from counting errors. Choice D (5/18) comes from incorrect calculations. Choice E (1/3) results from oversimplified reasoning.