Biology

Study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.

Characteristics of Living ThingsCell Structure and FunctionEcosystems and Interactions
Genetics and HeredityPhotosynthesis and Cellular RespirationAdaptation and Evolution
Conservation and BiodiversityBiology in MedicineFarming and Biotechnology
Active Recall and Mind MappingPractice with Diagrams and Past Papers
Characteristics of L...Cell Structure and F...Ecosystems and Inter...Genetics and Heredit...Photosynthesis and C...Adaptation and Evolu...Conservation and Bio...Biology in MedicineFarming and Biotechn...Active Recall and Mi...Practice with Diagra...
Advanced Topics

Genetics and Heredity

The Blueprint of Life

Genetics is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring. Information is stored in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which acts like a blueprint for building living things.

How Traits are Inherited

  • Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits (like eye color).
  • Each parent passes on half of their genes to their children.
  • Sometimes, traits are dominant (more likely to show up) or recessive (hidden unless both genes match).

DNA Structure

DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder (a double helix). Its code is made up of four bases: A, T, C, and G.

Genetics in Action

Genetics explains why you might look like your parents, or why some illnesses run in families.

Examples

  • You inherit your hair color from your parents.

  • Some plants have purple flowers because of dominant genes.

In a Nutshell

Genetics is about how traits and characteristics are passed from one generation to the next.

Key Terms

Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a trait.
DNA
The molecule that carries genetic information.
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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration