Electric Charge and Electric Force - AP Physics 2
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What is the effect of a charged insulator on a nearby uncharged conductor?
What is the effect of a charged insulator on a nearby uncharged conductor?
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Induces a charge separation. Creates surface charges that cancel internal field.
Induces a charge separation. Creates surface charges that cancel internal field.
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What is the value of the Coulomb constant, $k$?
What is the value of the Coulomb constant, $k$?
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$8.99 \times 10^9 \text{ N m}^2/\text{C}^2$. Also written as $\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}$.
$8.99 \times 10^9 \text{ N m}^2/\text{C}^2$. Also written as $\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}$.
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What is the direction of the electric field due to a positive charge?
What is the direction of the electric field due to a positive charge?
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Radially outward from the charge. Field lines point away from positive charges.
Radially outward from the charge. Field lines point away from positive charges.
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What is the formula for the potential energy of a dipole in an electric field?
What is the formula for the potential energy of a dipole in an electric field?
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$U = -pE \text{cos}(\theta)$. Energy depends on dipole orientation relative to field.
$U = -pE \text{cos}(\theta)$. Energy depends on dipole orientation relative to field.
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What are the units of electric potential (voltage)?
What are the units of electric potential (voltage)?
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Volt (V). One volt equals one joule per coulomb.
Volt (V). One volt equals one joule per coulomb.
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Calculate the potential energy of a $2 \text{ C}$ charge at $5 \text{ V}$.
Calculate the potential energy of a $2 \text{ C}$ charge at $5 \text{ V}$.
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$U = 10 \text{ J}$. Using $U = qV$ with given charge and potential.
$U = 10 \text{ J}$. Using $U = qV$ with given charge and potential.
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What is the direction of the electric field due to a negative charge?
What is the direction of the electric field due to a negative charge?
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Radially inward toward the charge. Field lines point toward negative charges.
Radially inward toward the charge. Field lines point toward negative charges.
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What is the permittivity of free space, $\text{ε}_0$?
What is the permittivity of free space, $\text{ε}_0$?
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$8.85 \times 10^{-12} \text{ C}^2/\text{N m}^2$. Fundamental constant in electromagnetism.
$8.85 \times 10^{-12} \text{ C}^2/\text{N m}^2$. Fundamental constant in electromagnetism.
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Calculate the force between two $1 \text{ C}$ charges $1 \text{ m}$ apart.
Calculate the force between two $1 \text{ C}$ charges $1 \text{ m}$ apart.
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$F = 8.99 \times 10^9 \text{ N}$. Using $F = k\frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$ with given values.
$F = 8.99 \times 10^9 \text{ N}$. Using $F = k\frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$ with given values.
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State Coulomb's Law.
State Coulomb's Law.
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$F = k \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$. Force between charges is proportional to product of charges, inversely proportional to distance squared.
$F = k \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$. Force between charges is proportional to product of charges, inversely proportional to distance squared.
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Calculate the electric potential at $2 \text{ m}$ from a $3 \text{ C}$ charge.
Calculate the electric potential at $2 \text{ m}$ from a $3 \text{ C}$ charge.
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$V = 1.35 \times 10^{10} \text{ V}$. Using $V = k\frac{q}{r}$ with given values.
$V = 1.35 \times 10^{10} \text{ V}$. Using $V = k\frac{q}{r}$ with given values.
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What is the electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium?
What is the electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium?
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Zero. Charges redistribute to cancel internal field.
Zero. Charges redistribute to cancel internal field.
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What is the formula for the potential energy of a dipole in an electric field?
What is the formula for the potential energy of a dipole in an electric field?
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$U = -pE \text{cos}(\theta)$. Energy depends on dipole orientation relative to field.
$U = -pE \text{cos}(\theta)$. Energy depends on dipole orientation relative to field.
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State the formula for electric potential (voltage).
State the formula for electric potential (voltage).
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$V = \frac{U}{q}$. Electric potential energy per unit charge.
$V = \frac{U}{q}$. Electric potential energy per unit charge.
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Determine the electric force on a $5 \text{ C}$ charge in a $10 \text{ N/C}$ field.
Determine the electric force on a $5 \text{ C}$ charge in a $10 \text{ N/C}$ field.
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$F = 50 \text{ N}$. Using $F = qE$ with given charge and field.
$F = 50 \text{ N}$. Using $F = qE$ with given charge and field.
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What is the principle of superposition for electric forces?
What is the principle of superposition for electric forces?
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Net force is vector sum of individual forces. Forces add vectorially from all charges.
Net force is vector sum of individual forces. Forces add vectorially from all charges.
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What is the electric field on the surface of a charged conductor?
What is the electric field on the surface of a charged conductor?
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Perpendicular to the surface. Field is normal to equipotential surfaces.
Perpendicular to the surface. Field is normal to equipotential surfaces.
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State the formula for electric force between two charges.
State the formula for electric force between two charges.
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$F = k \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$. Coulomb's Law for electrostatic force.
$F = k \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$. Coulomb's Law for electrostatic force.
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Identify the SI unit for electric field strength.
Identify the SI unit for electric field strength.
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Newton per Coulomb (N/C). Also equivalent to V/m (volts per meter).
Newton per Coulomb (N/C). Also equivalent to V/m (volts per meter).
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What is the charge of a proton?
What is the charge of a proton?
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+1.$6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C}$. Fundamental positive charge magnitude.
+1.$6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C}$. Fundamental positive charge magnitude.
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Calculate the work done moving a $1 \text{ C}$ charge across $10 \text{ V}$.
Calculate the work done moving a $1 \text{ C}$ charge across $10 \text{ V}$.
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$W = 10 \text{ J}$. Work equals charge times potential difference.
$W = 10 \text{ J}$. Work equals charge times potential difference.
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What is the effect of a charged insulator on a nearby uncharged conductor?
What is the effect of a charged insulator on a nearby uncharged conductor?
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Induces a charge separation. Creates surface charges that cancel internal field.
Induces a charge separation. Creates surface charges that cancel internal field.
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State Gauss's Law.
State Gauss's Law.
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$\text{Flux} = \frac{Q_{\text{enc}}}{\varepsilon_0}$. Electric flux through closed surface equals enclosed charge over $\varepsilon_0$.
$\text{Flux} = \frac{Q_{\text{enc}}}{\varepsilon_0}$. Electric flux through closed surface equals enclosed charge over $\varepsilon_0$.
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Determine the potential difference between two points in an electric field.
Determine the potential difference between two points in an electric field.
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$\triangle V = Ed$. For uniform field, voltage change is field times distance.
$\triangle V = Ed$. For uniform field, voltage change is field times distance.
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What is meant by a conservative electric field?
What is meant by a conservative electric field?
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Work done is path independent. Electric fields are conservative force fields.
Work done is path independent. Electric fields are conservative force fields.
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What is the value of the Coulomb constant, $k$?
What is the value of the Coulomb constant, $k$?
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$8.99 \times 10^9 \text{ N m}^2/\text{C}^2$. Also written as $\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}$.
$8.99 \times 10^9 \text{ N m}^2/\text{C}^2$. Also written as $\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}$.
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Find the force on a charge in a uniform electric field.
Find the force on a charge in a uniform electric field.
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$F = qE$. Force equals charge times field strength.
$F = qE$. Force equals charge times field strength.
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State the relationship between potential energy and work done by electric forces.
State the relationship between potential energy and work done by electric forces.
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$U_i - U_f = W_{\text{done}}$. Conservation of energy in electric fields.
$U_i - U_f = W_{\text{done}}$. Conservation of energy in electric fields.
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What is the direction of the electric field due to a positive charge?
What is the direction of the electric field due to a positive charge?
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Radially outward from the charge. Field lines point away from positive charges.
Radially outward from the charge. Field lines point away from positive charges.
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Identify the formula for the work done by an electric force.
Identify the formula for the work done by an electric force.
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$W = qEd$. Work equals force times distance moved.
$W = qEd$. Work equals force times distance moved.
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