The Global System of Agriculture - AP Human Geography

Large-scale farming focused on one or two cash crops. Common in tropical regions for export crops like coffee.

Herding domesticated animals in a seasonal migratory pattern. Follows water and grazing resources across landscapes.

A crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by grower. Sold for income rather than direct consumption.

Minimizing environmental impact and conserving resources. Balances productivity with long-term environmental health.

Optimizing field-level management through technology. Uses GPS and sensors for targeted resource application.

An area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food. Often found in low-income urban and rural areas.

Loss of biodiversity and alteration of local climate patterns. Reduces carbon sequestration and increases erosion risk.

The right of people to define their own food systems. Emphasizes local control over food production and distribution.

Genetically modified organisms with altered DNA for desired traits. Enhances resistance to pests, diseases, or herbicides.

Crops that are continuously in demand and form a major part of a diet. Include grains like rice, wheat, and corn.

Improves soil fertility and reduces pest and disease build-up. Breaks disease cycles and maintains soil nutrients.

Transforms raw ingredients into food products for consumers. Adds value between farm production and retail sale.

Government financial support to farmers to stabilize food prices. Helps maintain affordable food prices and farmer income.

Clearing forest by burning to create fields for agriculture. Traditional method used in tropical forest regions.

Limited space and soil contamination risks. Urban areas face unique agricultural constraints.

To preserve genetic diversity for future crop resilience. Maintains crop varieties against genetic erosion.

Integrating trees and shrubs into agricultural landscapes. Provides multiple benefits including erosion control.

A farming method involving rotation of fields instead of crops. Allows soil to recover while farming different plots.

Distance food travels from production to consumer, impacting carbon footprint. Shorter distances reduce transportation emissions.

Restoring soil health and ecosystem biodiversity. Goes beyond sustainability to actively improve ecosystems.

Growing two or more crops in proximity for mutual benefits. Maximizes land use efficiency and reduces competition.

Using technology to monitor and improve livestock management. Improves animal welfare and production efficiency.

Increasing agricultural production on existing farmland. Increases output without expanding farmland area.

Altered precipitation patterns affecting crop yields. Threatens global food security through weather extremes.

A system where consumers subscribe to receive farm produce regularly. Connects consumers directly with local farmers.

The total production of a crop per unit area. Measured in weight or volume per hectare or acre.

Agriculture aimed at producing crops and livestock for sale. Driven by profit motives and market demands.

Agriculture focused on growing food for household consumption. Farmers consume what they grow rather than selling it.

High input of labor or capital per unit of land. Maximizes output from limited land through resource investment.