Spatial Organization of Agriculture - AP Human Geography

Alternating the species of crops grown on a piece of land. Maintains soil nutrients and breaks pest cycles.

Reduction in biodiversity. Creates vulnerability to pests and diseases.

Cultivation of a single crop in a given area. Increases efficiency but reduces genetic diversity.

Optimize field-level management with technology. Uses GPS and sensors for targeted resource application.

Breeding, raising, and harvesting fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants. Addresses growing demand for seafood worldwide.

Intensive farming. Maximizes productivity through technology and labor.

Increase in agricultural production via improved technology. Dramatically increased global food production since 1960s.

Breeding, raising, and harvesting fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants. Addresses growing demand for seafood worldwide.

Communities control over the way food is produced. Emphasizes local control over global food systems.

Designing agricultural landscapes that mimic natural ecosystems. Creates self-sustaining agricultural systems through design.

Study of spatial patterns and processes in agriculture. Examines where agricultural activities occur and why.

Von Thünen Model. Classic concentric ring model based on transportation costs.

Dairy and intensive farming. High-value, perishable products need proximity to market.

Distance from the market. Transportation costs increase with distance from market.

Farming primarily for sale, not direct consumption. Market-oriented production for economic profit.

Farming to meet the needs of the farmer's family. Focuses on household food security rather than profit.

Clearing land, farming it, then moving to a new area. Allows soil to recover nutrients naturally over time.

Herding domesticated animals in dry climates. Mobile lifestyle adapted to arid and semi-arid regions.

Spreads the risk of crop failure. Diversification reduces dependence on single crop success.

Production of cash crops for export. Large-scale monoculture for international trade.

High labor input for high yield per land unit. Maximizes output from small plots in densely populated areas.

Rice. Staple crop supporting dense populations in Asia.

Integration of agriculture with other sectors of the economy. Encompasses entire food supply chain from farm to consumer.

Meet current needs without compromising future resources. Balances environmental protection with economic viability.

Avoidance of synthetic chemicals in agriculture. Promotes natural methods to maintain soil health.

Growing food within or around cities. Reduces transportation costs and increases food access.

Area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food. Often found in low-income urban neighborhoods.

Increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Environmental costs of intensive chemical agriculture.

Creating stepped levels on a hillside for farming. Ancient technique still used in mountainous regions.