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AP Biology Flashcards: Signal Transduction Pathways

Study Signal Transduction Pathways in AP Biology with focused flashcards that help you recognize the idea, recall the key rule, and apply it in practice-style prompts.

QUESTION

Which second messenger is produced from ATP by adenylyl cyclase?

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ANSWER

cAMP. cAMP is synthesized to activate kinases and amplify signals in GPCR pathways.

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AP Biology: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

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This deck focuses on Signal Transduction Pathways, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Biology.

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Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Practice questions

1 of 50Practice questions for this set
In cultured liver cells, hormone H binds membrane receptor R and activates G protein Gα, which stimulates adenylyl cyclase to convert ATP to cAMP. cAMP binds protein kinase A (PKA), releasing active catalytic subunits that phosphorylate enzyme E, increasing its activity 6-fold within 30 s. A phosphodiesterase (PDE) hydrolyzes cAMP to AMP. When cells are treated with a PDE inhibitor, the same dose of H produces a larger and longer-lasting increase in E activity; however, without H the inhibitor causes little change. Which change would most likely eliminate the effect of the PDE inhibitor on E activity?
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