Continuing Evolution - AP Biology
Card 1 of 30
Identify the selection type that acts against both extreme phenotypes.
Identify the selection type that acts against both extreme phenotypes.
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Stabilizing selection. Maintains population around the optimal phenotypic mean.
Stabilizing selection. Maintains population around the optimal phenotypic mean.
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What is the term for the divergence of two species into different forms?
What is the term for the divergence of two species into different forms?
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Divergent evolution. Related species develop different traits in different environments.
Divergent evolution. Related species develop different traits in different environments.
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What is the term for the introduction of new alleles into a population?
What is the term for the introduction of new alleles into a population?
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Gene flow. Migration brings new genetic variants into populations.
Gene flow. Migration brings new genetic variants into populations.
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Identify the process where two populations become reproductively isolated.
Identify the process where two populations become reproductively isolated.
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Speciation. Geographic or behavioral barriers prevent gene flow.
Speciation. Geographic or behavioral barriers prevent gene flow.
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What is the definition of a homologous structure?
What is the definition of a homologous structure?
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Structures with a common evolutionary origin. Similar structures indicate shared evolutionary ancestry.
Structures with a common evolutionary origin. Similar structures indicate shared evolutionary ancestry.
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What is a measure of an organism's ability to survive and reproduce?
What is a measure of an organism's ability to survive and reproduce?
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Fitness. Higher fitness means greater contribution to future generations.
Fitness. Higher fitness means greater contribution to future generations.
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What type of selection favors intermediate phenotypes over extremes?
What type of selection favors intermediate phenotypes over extremes?
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Stabilizing selection. Reduces variation by selecting against extreme phenotypes.
Stabilizing selection. Reduces variation by selecting against extreme phenotypes.
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Which term describes the phenomenon of decreased diversity after a bottleneck?
Which term describes the phenomenon of decreased diversity after a bottleneck?
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Genetic drift. Random allele loss during population bottlenecks reduces diversity.
Genetic drift. Random allele loss during population bottlenecks reduces diversity.
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What is the term for the study of past and present distribution of species?
What is the term for the study of past and present distribution of species?
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Biogeography. Geographic patterns reveal evolutionary and ecological relationships.
Biogeography. Geographic patterns reveal evolutionary and ecological relationships.
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Identify the concept of a single species evolving into different forms.
Identify the concept of a single species evolving into different forms.
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Adaptive radiation. One ancestral species diversifies to fill multiple ecological niches.
Adaptive radiation. One ancestral species diversifies to fill multiple ecological niches.
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What is the term for genetic changes that occur without affecting fitness?
What is the term for genetic changes that occur without affecting fitness?
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Neutral mutation. Changes have no effect on survival or reproduction.
Neutral mutation. Changes have no effect on survival or reproduction.
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What process involves changes in allele frequencies due to chance events?
What process involves changes in allele frequencies due to chance events?
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Genetic drift. Random changes are strongest in smaller populations.
Genetic drift. Random changes are strongest in smaller populations.
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Which model of evolution describes gradual changes over long periods?
Which model of evolution describes gradual changes over long periods?
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Gradualism. Continuous, steady accumulation of small evolutionary changes.
Gradualism. Continuous, steady accumulation of small evolutionary changes.
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What is the definition of evolution in biological terms?
What is the definition of evolution in biological terms?
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Change in allele frequencies in a population over time. Evolution is measured by tracking changes in gene frequencies across generations.
Change in allele frequencies in a population over time. Evolution is measured by tracking changes in gene frequencies across generations.
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What is the term for a reduction in an organism's fitness due to genetic changes?
What is the term for a reduction in an organism's fitness due to genetic changes?
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Genetic load. Harmful mutations reduce overall population fitness.
Genetic load. Harmful mutations reduce overall population fitness.
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Identify the model that suggests evolution occurs in rapid bursts.
Identify the model that suggests evolution occurs in rapid bursts.
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Punctuated equilibrium. Rapid evolutionary change followed by periods of stasis.
Punctuated equilibrium. Rapid evolutionary change followed by periods of stasis.
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What is the term for the formation of new species from a common ancestor?
What is the term for the formation of new species from a common ancestor?
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Speciation. Reproductive isolation leads to distinct evolutionary lineages.
Speciation. Reproductive isolation leads to distinct evolutionary lineages.
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Which type of selection increases the frequency of a beneficial allele?
Which type of selection increases the frequency of a beneficial allele?
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Positive selection. Advantageous mutations spread through populations over time.
Positive selection. Advantageous mutations spread through populations over time.
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What is the term for the gradual change in species over time?
What is the term for the gradual change in species over time?
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Evolution. Descent with modification produces biological diversity.
Evolution. Descent with modification produces biological diversity.
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What is the term for a trait that no longer serves its original purpose?
What is the term for a trait that no longer serves its original purpose?
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Vestigial structure. Remnants of ancestral features lost through disuse.
Vestigial structure. Remnants of ancestral features lost through disuse.
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Identify the concept where allele frequencies remain constant in a population.
Identify the concept where allele frequencies remain constant in a population.
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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Requires no mutation, selection, migration, or genetic drift.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Requires no mutation, selection, migration, or genetic drift.
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What is the term for a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species?
What is the term for a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species?
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Population. Members can potentially interbreed and share a gene pool.
Population. Members can potentially interbreed and share a gene pool.
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Which process describes the spread of advantageous alleles throughout a population?
Which process describes the spread of advantageous alleles throughout a population?
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Selective sweep. Beneficial alleles rapidly increase in frequency.
Selective sweep. Beneficial alleles rapidly increase in frequency.
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What is the term for evolutionary changes that occur at or above the level of species?
What is the term for evolutionary changes that occur at or above the level of species?
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Macroevolution. Large-scale patterns of evolutionary change across taxa.
Macroevolution. Large-scale patterns of evolutionary change across taxa.
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Identify the selection type that reduces the frequency of harmful alleles.
Identify the selection type that reduces the frequency of harmful alleles.
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Purifying selection. Eliminates deleterious alleles to maintain population health.
Purifying selection. Eliminates deleterious alleles to maintain population health.
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Identify the term for changes in a species over time due to environmental pressures.
Identify the term for changes in a species over time due to environmental pressures.
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Adaptation. Traits that enhance survival in specific environments become common.
Adaptation. Traits that enhance survival in specific environments become common.
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Which type of selection acts against individuals at one extreme of a trait?
Which type of selection acts against individuals at one extreme of a trait?
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Directional selection. Shifts trait distribution toward one extreme phenotype.
Directional selection. Shifts trait distribution toward one extreme phenotype.
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Which type of selection favors extreme phenotypes at both ends of the spectrum?
Which type of selection favors extreme phenotypes at both ends of the spectrum?
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Disruptive selection. Selects against average traits, increasing population variance.
Disruptive selection. Selects against average traits, increasing population variance.
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What is the term for genetic exchange between different populations?
What is the term for genetic exchange between different populations?
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Gene flow. Movement of alleles between populations maintains genetic diversity.
Gene flow. Movement of alleles between populations maintains genetic diversity.
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Which mechanism of evolution results from differential survival and reproduction?
Which mechanism of evolution results from differential survival and reproduction?
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Natural selection. Organisms with favorable traits reproduce more successfully.
Natural selection. Organisms with favorable traits reproduce more successfully.
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