Race, Ethnicity, and Racialization (9B) Practice Test

A neighborhood association reviewed demographic trends after a new transit line opened. The share of residents identifying as Vietnamese and Ethiopian increased, while the share identifying as non-Hispanic White decreased. Meeting notes show that longtime residents began referring to the area as “becoming foreign,” and local businesses were informally categorized as “ethnic stores” even when they served a broad customer base. Some newcomers reported that their presence was discussed as changing the “character” of the neighborhood, and they were asked repeatedly where they were “really from.” The association concludes that shifting ethnic composition interacted with local narratives to produce new boundaries of belonging.

Based on the information, which conclusion about community dynamics is most consistent with the report?

A public health department analyzed maternal care complaints. Patients who identified as Indigenous reported that staff frequently assumed they had limited education and were less likely to follow instructions. In interviews, clinicians described these assumptions as “practical shortcuts” based on prior experiences, despite not having patient-specific evidence. Administrators noted that the hospital’s intake forms listed broad racial categories but did not capture tribal affiliation or language, leading staff to rely on visual cues and surnames. The department argues that institutional practices encouraged staff to treat perceived race as a meaningful predictor of behavior.

Which statement best exemplifies racialization in this scenario?