Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy (8A) Practice Test

A survey of college students assessed global self-esteem and asked how often students attributed exam outcomes to controllable factors (study strategy) versus uncontrollable factors (luck). Students who more often endorsed controllable attributions reported higher self-esteem, even after adjusting for GPA. Based on the information, which reasoning best aligns with the association described?

A case study follows a medical resident who feels highly capable during procedures but doubts her ability to comfort grieving families. After observing a senior resident conduct a difficult conversation and then practicing with standardized patients, she reports, “I can do this conversation without freezing.” Her overall evaluation of herself as a person is unchanged. Which interpretation best matches the reported change?