Explaining and Classifying Psychological Disorders Practice Test

Pure biological model, attributing addiction mainly to dopamine dysfunction and treating environment and learning as negligible.

Biopsychosocial model, describing addiction through interacting neurobiology, conditioning and cognition, and social context like peers and stress.

Deviance criterion, asserting addiction exists primarily because substance use violates norms, regardless of harm or dependence patterns.

Medical model conflated with deviance, claiming addiction is diagnosed only when behavior is socially condemned, not by impairment.