Magnetism and Moving Charges - AP Physics 2

Induced current opposes the change causing it. Nature opposes changes in magnetic flux through circuits.

Circular around the wire. Right-hand rule: thumb along current, fingers curl with field.

Weber (Wb). Named after Wilhelm Weber; unit of magnetic flux linkage.

$F = q(E + v \times B)$. Combines electric and magnetic forces on a moving charge.

Speed remains constant. Magnetic force is perpendicular to velocity, doing no work.

Product of magnetic field and area normal to it. Measures how much magnetic field passes through a surface.

$2.4 \times 10^{-5} , T$. Using $B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}$ with given values.

Tesla (T). Named after Nikola Tesla; measures magnetic field intensity.

Speed remains constant. Magnetic force is perpendicular to velocity, doing no work.

$F = q(E + v \times B)$. Combines electric and magnetic forces on a moving charge.

$24 , N$. Using $F = qvB$: $2 \times 3 \times 4 = 24N$ at maximum angle.

Product of magnetic field and area normal to it. Measures how much magnetic field passes through a surface.

Attractive if currents are in the same direction. Parallel currents attract; antiparallel currents repel each other.

Torque acts on the loop. Current loop behaves like magnetic dipole in external field.

$\Phi = B \cdot A \cdot \cos(\theta)$. Flux depends on field strength, area, and angle between them.

$\theta = 90^{\circ}$. Perpendicular alignment gives maximum $\sin(\theta) = 1$.

Voltage developed across a conductor in a magnetic field. Moving charges in magnetic field separate, creating potential difference.

Measure of the strength of a magnetic source. Quantifies the magnetic field strength produced by a current distribution.

Circular or helical. Magnetic force provides centripetal acceleration for curved motion.

$3 , N$. Using $F = ILB$: $5 \times 3 \times 0.2 = 3N$.

$dB = \frac{\mu_0 I dl \sin(\theta)}{4\pi r^2}$. Fundamental law relating current elements to magnetic field production.

No force is exerted. Magnetic force requires motion; stationary charges are unaffected.

$0 , N$. No velocity means no magnetic force on the charge.

$2.4 \times 10^{-5} , T$. Using $B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}$ with given values.

$4\pi \times 10^{-7} , T\cdot m/A$. Fundamental physical constant used in magnetic field calculations.

Perpendicular to each other. EM waves consist of oscillating $E$ and $B$ fields at right angles.

$F = qvB , \sin(\theta)$. Force depends on charge, velocity, field strength, and angle between $v$ and $B$.

Line integral of $B$ around a closed path equals $\mu_0 I$. Relates magnetic field circulation to enclosed current.

Uniform magnetic field inside. Coil of wire creates strong, uniform field along its axis.