Affirmative Action Practice Test

Strict scrutiny requires a compelling interest and narrow tailoring; after SFFA (2023), a fixed race bonus likely fails individualized review and measurability limits.

Under Grutter (2003), any race-based preference is automatically constitutional if it increases minority enrollment; courts should defer to academic judgment.

Apply intermediate scrutiny because education policy is a quasi-suspect classification; the bonus is permissible if substantially related to improving representation and opportunity.

A race quota is valid if temporary and tied to diversity goals; the Constitution permits set-asides until demographic parity is achieved.

Use rational basis review because admissions criteria are discretionary; the state may freely classify by race to correct general societal discrimination.