World War I Practice Test

World War I also transformed Central and Eastern Europe. The Austro-Hungarian, Russian, Ottoman, and German empires collapsed or were drastically weakened, and new or enlarged states appeared, including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Many borders were drawn with reference to self-determination, yet ethnic minorities remained within new states, creating tensions. Which statement best explains a major challenge created by the postwar settlement in Eastern Europe?

A French newspaper editorial from 1916 describes “mud, wire, and constant shelling” at Verdun, noting that commanders still order repeated assaults for “a few hundred meters.” It concludes that industrial resources and morale, not brilliant maneuvers, now decide outcomes. Which factor most directly contributed to the stalemate described?