Globalization Practice Test

In a 100-word 1885 missionary letter from the Congo region, the writer describes new European-administered transport routes moving ivory and rubber to coastal ports, while imported textiles and metal goods circulate inland. The letter notes violence used to compel labor and claims European “civilization” accompanies commerce. Which motivation for late nineteenth-century globalization is best supported by the letter’s description?

A 120-word 1730 Dutch investor’s letter explains purchasing shares in a chartered company that trades spices and textiles in Asia, praising limited liability and the ability to profit without personally traveling. The investor notes that company officials negotiate treaties, maintain forts, and sometimes wage war to secure trade advantages. Which institutional innovation most directly underpinned the investor’s globalization experience?