Global Effects and Dynamics - AP Environmental Science
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__________ is a politician who believes strongly in climate change and is responsible for the documentary, The Inconvenient Truth.
__________ is a politician who believes strongly in climate change and is responsible for the documentary, The Inconvenient Truth.
Al Gore is passionate about climate change and aims to educate citizens about the cause. In 2006, he helped create a documentary, An Inconvenient Truth, which has been credited for raising public awareness. This documentary has also been included in some school's curriculums.
Al Gore is passionate about climate change and aims to educate citizens about the cause. In 2006, he helped create a documentary, An Inconvenient Truth, which has been credited for raising public awareness. This documentary has also been included in some school's curriculums.
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Ozone depletion is caused by the presence of halogen containing compounds in the atmosphere. Which of the following is NOT a halogen?
Ozone depletion is caused by the presence of halogen containing compounds in the atmosphere. Which of the following is NOT a halogen?
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are all halogens. Neon on the other hand is an inert noble gas.
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are all halogens. Neon on the other hand is an inert noble gas.
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In Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, and Chile, cases of __________ are increasing due to ozone depletion.
In Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, and Chile, cases of __________ are increasing due to ozone depletion.
Cataracts, skin cancer, and high-intensity sunburns are all on the rise in these countries due to ozone depletion and therefore higher exposure to harmful UV rays.
Cataracts, skin cancer, and high-intensity sunburns are all on the rise in these countries due to ozone depletion and therefore higher exposure to harmful UV rays.
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Where in the atmosphere does the ozone layer reside?
Where in the atmosphere does the ozone layer reside?
The ozone layer is far enough from organisms not to harm them, but also is close enough to the Earth's surface to maintain the proper temperature and hold its layer rigidity. The stratosphere is the correct answer.
The ozone layer is far enough from organisms not to harm them, but also is close enough to the Earth's surface to maintain the proper temperature and hold its layer rigidity. The stratosphere is the correct answer.
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Which environmental issue did the 1989 Montreal Protocol address?
Which environmental issue did the 1989 Montreal Protocol address?
The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty to phase out production of chemicals that deplete the ozone layer, including CFCs and halocarbons.
The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty to phase out production of chemicals that deplete the ozone layer, including CFCs and halocarbons.
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The ozone layer blocks harmful UV light from reaching Earth's surface. Which of the following best describes the location of the ozone layer?
The ozone layer blocks harmful UV light from reaching Earth's surface. Which of the following best describes the location of the ozone layer?
The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere, which is one layer above the troposphere (i.e. where we live).
The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere, which is one layer above the troposphere (i.e. where we live).
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Corals under stress from high water temperatures and pollution expel their zooxanthellae in a process called __________.
Corals under stress from high water temperatures and pollution expel their zooxanthellae in a process called __________.
When corals eject their intracellular symbiotic organisms, their color is lost along with the zooxanthellae's photosynthetic ability. This leads to the death of the coral. Algal blooms simply involve the rapid growth of algae over a short period of time. Upwelling involves the process by which deep, nutrient-rich water rises up and gets mixed with the water higher in the ground.
When corals eject their intracellular symbiotic organisms, their color is lost along with the zooxanthellae's photosynthetic ability. This leads to the death of the coral. Algal blooms simply involve the rapid growth of algae over a short period of time. Upwelling involves the process by which deep, nutrient-rich water rises up and gets mixed with the water higher in the ground.
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The greenhouse effect is responsible for many beneficial aspects of the earth's atmosphere. Which of these is NOT provided directly by the greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect is responsible for many beneficial aspects of the earth's atmosphere. Which of these is NOT provided directly by the greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect plays a role in all of the options because of the interaction between the layer of gasses surrounding the earth and the solar radiation that approaches the earth. An easy way to remember this is to follow the path of solar radiation traveling from the sun to the earth and think of all the possible ways in which this radiation can travel. The radiation can bounce off and not enter, it can enter and be absorbed in the surface, or it can enter and both bounce off the earth's surface and then be absorbed.
The greenhouse effect plays a role in all of the options because of the interaction between the layer of gasses surrounding the earth and the solar radiation that approaches the earth. An easy way to remember this is to follow the path of solar radiation traveling from the sun to the earth and think of all the possible ways in which this radiation can travel. The radiation can bounce off and not enter, it can enter and be absorbed in the surface, or it can enter and both bounce off the earth's surface and then be absorbed.
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Choose the scientist that was not involved in studying the early existence of the greenhouse effect.
Choose the scientist that was not involved in studying the early existence of the greenhouse effect.
Every scientist listed but Norman Burlaug are responsible for the early studies of the greenhouse effect. Joseph Fourier spoke about the effect in 1824. Claude Pouillet studied its existence further in 1827 and 1838. John Tyndall conducted experimental observations in 1859.
Every scientist listed but Norman Burlaug are responsible for the early studies of the greenhouse effect. Joseph Fourier spoke about the effect in 1824. Claude Pouillet studied its existence further in 1827 and 1838. John Tyndall conducted experimental observations in 1859.
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The term "greenhouse effect" was first coined by whom?
The term "greenhouse effect" was first coined by whom?
This term was first used by Nils Gustaf Ekholm in 1901. Ekholm was an early adopter of climate control. His early studies included how the burning of coal could add unnecessary levels of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
This term was first used by Nils Gustaf Ekholm in 1901. Ekholm was an early adopter of climate control. His early studies included how the burning of coal could add unnecessary levels of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
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__________ the largest contributor to greenhouse effect.
__________ the largest contributor to greenhouse effect.
Water vapor is the largest contributor to greenhouse gases at 36-70%. Carbon dioxide is second with 9-26%, then methane with 4-9%, and finally ozone with 3-7%.
Water vapor is the largest contributor to greenhouse gases at 36-70%. Carbon dioxide is second with 9-26%, then methane with 4-9%, and finally ozone with 3-7%.
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Which of the following statements regarding the greenhouse effect is true?
Which of the following statements regarding the greenhouse effect is true?
The greenhouse effect can also be found on Mars, Venus, and Saturn's largest moon, Titan. The effect on Venus is large because of its dense atmosphere of made of carbon dioxide.
The greenhouse effect can also be found on Mars, Venus, and Saturn's largest moon, Titan. The effect on Venus is large because of its dense atmosphere of made of carbon dioxide.
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The most abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere is __________.
The most abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere is __________.
Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere. Infrared radiation that gets absorbed and reflected by the Earth's surface gets trapped and reflected back to the Earth's surface by greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere in a process known as the "greenhouse effect."
Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere. Infrared radiation that gets absorbed and reflected by the Earth's surface gets trapped and reflected back to the Earth's surface by greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere in a process known as the "greenhouse effect."
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What is the primary source of the greenhouse gas Nitrous Oxide (
)?
What is the primary source of the greenhouse gas Nitrous Oxide (
Chemical fertilizers are produced to fix nitrogen for farmers' fields, and while fields naturally lose nitrogen to the atmosphere in the form of 
, increased abundance of fixed nitrogen results in more 
being released. Feedlots produce large quantities of nitrogen-rich animal waste, which also decays and enters the atmosphere in massive quantities.
Chemical fertilizers are produced to fix nitrogen for farmers' fields, and while fields naturally lose nitrogen to the atmosphere in the form of
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Which of the following accounts for the oscillating levels of 
in the atmosphere each year? Choose the MOST correct answer.
Which of the following accounts for the oscillating levels of
The variance of annual 
levels can be accounted for by a combination of both the 
tilt of the Earth on its axis by as well as the revolution of the Earth around the sun. These two factors in conjunction with one another create the seasons. Since the Northern Hemisphere has vastly more plant coverage compared to the Southern Hemisphere, the Earth can uptake more carbon dioxide during the summer and spring seasons due to high levels of photosynthesis; however, when the Northern Hemisphere is in fall and winter, many of its plants cannot photosynthesize, leading to a spike in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
The variance of annual
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Each year 
levels reach a peak near the same time. In a global context, what happens annually that accounts for such a predictable repeating pattern of these peaks in carbon dioxide?
Each year
The Northern hemisphere has a much larger basal area comparatively to that of the Southern hemisphere. When the Northern hemisphere is in winter, many of its plants are not able to photosynthesize, therefore the global 
levels rise due to much fewer plants actively uptaking that 
for their photosynthetic processes. By the same token, when the Northern hemisphere is experiencing spring and summer, the carbon dioxide levels fall due to higher photosynthetic activity.
The Northern hemisphere has a much larger basal area comparatively to that of the Southern hemisphere. When the Northern hemisphere is in winter, many of its plants are not able to photosynthesize, therefore the global
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Which of the following greenhouse gasses is produced only by anthropogenic means?
Which of the following greenhouse gasses is produced only by anthropogenic means?
The only gas in these selections that is made only by man is 
, which is a CFC or Chlorofluorocarbon. 
, methane, can be produced by many other organisms; a key example of this are cows. 
, or water vapor, has many natural origins such as bodies of water, and finally 
also has natural sources like volcanoes.
The only gas in these selections that is made only by man is
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Methane produced by cattle and other livestock has potential as a renewable, alternative fuel. As commercial farmers worldwide adopt this trend, which of the following would seem a likely effect on global warming?
Methane produced by cattle and other livestock has potential as a renewable, alternative fuel. As commercial farmers worldwide adopt this trend, which of the following would seem a likely effect on global warming?
Methane gas produced by livestock is a very potent greenhouse gas, with molecules that trap far more heat in our atmosphere than carbon dioxide. When methane is burned, carbon dioxide and water vapor are released into the atmosphere, but these vapors have a relatively benign impact on global warming when compared to the release of methane, had it not been used as fuel. Therefore, harvesting methane gas from agricultural waste and livestock prevents potent greenhouse gases from escaping into the atmosphere and also reduces dependence on energy derived from fossil fuels.
Methane gas produced by livestock is a very potent greenhouse gas, with molecules that trap far more heat in our atmosphere than carbon dioxide. When methane is burned, carbon dioxide and water vapor are released into the atmosphere, but these vapors have a relatively benign impact on global warming when compared to the release of methane, had it not been used as fuel. Therefore, harvesting methane gas from agricultural waste and livestock prevents potent greenhouse gases from escaping into the atmosphere and also reduces dependence on energy derived from fossil fuels.
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Which of the following greenhouse gases is exclusively anthropogenic?
Which of the following greenhouse gases is exclusively anthropogenic?
All of these greenhouses gasses, except 
, occur naturally in the environment. 
was produced by humans and was commonly known as Freon-12. It was marketed as a manmade refrigerant and aerosol propellant.
All of these greenhouses gasses, except
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Which of the following are greenhouse gases?
Which of the following are greenhouse gases?
The greenhouse effect occurs as the temperature within the Earth's atmosphere rises. Greenhouse gases trap the heat within the Earth's atmosphere. As sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere, it passes through the gaseous layer and the Earth's surface absorbs part of the energy and reflects some energy. These reflected rays of energy get trapped between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. Some common greenhouse gasses include: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and tropospheric ozone. Helium and nitrogen are two gases in the atmosphere, but they do not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
The greenhouse effect occurs as the temperature within the Earth's atmosphere rises. Greenhouse gases trap the heat within the Earth's atmosphere. As sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere, it passes through the gaseous layer and the Earth's surface absorbs part of the energy and reflects some energy. These reflected rays of energy get trapped between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. Some common greenhouse gasses include: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and tropospheric ozone. Helium and nitrogen are two gases in the atmosphere, but they do not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
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