International and Supranational Organizations Practice Test

Read the passage. The European Union (EU) illustrates tensions between supranational authority and national sovereignty. After decades of integration, EU law can be binding in areas such as competition policy and product standards, while member states retain control over many core political decisions. Brexit underscored that membership is contested when voters and leaders view EU rules as constraining domestic autonomy. Recent EU initiatives, including expanded digital regulation and coordinated energy measures, show how collective action can address cross-border problems, yet also provoke concerns about democratic accountability and unequal adjustment costs. The EU’s market size can shape non-member regulations as firms adopt EU standards to maintain access. What challenge does the European Union (EU) face in sustaining political legitimacy during integration?​

Read the passage. International organizations can generate both cooperation and backlash. The World Trade Organization (WTO) promotes predictable trade rules and dispute settlement, but critics argue that gains from liberalization may be uneven, intensifying domestic distributional conflicts. The United Nations (UN) provides peacekeeping and humanitarian coordination, yet faces veto-based deadlock and persistent funding shortfalls. The European Union (EU) deepens economic integration through the single market and the euro for many members, but encounters sovereignty disputes and adjustment pressures, as highlighted by Brexit. The African Union (AU) advances political norms and regional trade goals through AfCFTA, though capacity constraints and inconsistent compliance remain obstacles. Based on the text, what impact has the World Trade Organization (WTO) had on domestic politics within member states?​